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Elections List - 2025

Country Region Type Note Date Status
Ecuador Americas General Daniel Noboa, a right-of-centre entrepreneur running for the National Democratic Action coalition (Accion Democratica Nacional, ADN), was elected president on 15 October, in a run-off election. He defeated Luisa Gonzalez, a politician aligned with ‘Correismo’, a political movement that embraces… Past
France Europe Legislative In Senatorial elections held on 24 September, the Les Républicains party, together with its centre-right allies, held on to its dominant position in the Senate. President Macron faced further setbacks in the legislature, after his party lost its majority in the lower house in June 2022. Sonia… Past
Slovakia Europe Legislative The populist left-wing Smer party led by former Prime Minister Robert Fico won early parliamentary elections, held on 30 September. Smer won 22.94 per cent of the vote and 42 of the 150 seats in the country’s unicameral Parliament. A total of seven parties will be represented in Parliament.… Past
Luxembourg Europe Legislative In general elections held on 8 October, a total of seven parties passed the required threshold to be represented in Parliament. All 60 seats of the Chamber of Deputies, Luxembourg’s unicameral legislature, were contested. The opposition Christian Social Party (CSV) won the greatest vote share (29.2… Past
Liberia Africa General General elections were held in Liberia on 11 October. Voters chose all the members of the House of Representatives, half the members of the Senate, and also voted in the first round of the presidential election. Turnout was 79 per cent of registered voters, up from 72 per cent in 2017. Incumbent… Past
Australia Asia and the Pacific Referendum On 14 October, Australian voters decisively rejected a proposal (via referendum) to recognise Indigenous people in the constitution and to establish a First Nations voice in parliament. Voter turnout was at 89.95 per cent. The outcome maintains the status quo for representation of Indigenous… Past
New Zealand Asia and the Pacific Legislative The conservative National Party defeated the incumbent Labour Party in New Zealand’s 2023 general election on 14 October. Although Labour lost half of its seats and media described the election as a “landslide”, the National Party still needed to secure the support of smaller parties to build a… Past
Poland Europe Legislative Following parliamentary elections held on 15 October, the incumbent Law and Justice (PiS) party won the largest share of the vote (35.4 per cent), but it was unable to hold onto its majority in Parliament. All seats in both houses of Parliament (the Sejm and the Senate) were contested. The main… Past
Switzerland Europe Legislative On 22 October, Switzerland held federal elections to elect all members of the National Council (the lower parliamentary house with a total of 200 seats) and the Council of States (the smaller, upper house with 46 seats). The right-wing Swiss People’s Party (SVP) won the greatest vote share in the… Past
Argentina Americas General On 22 October, Argentina held its general elections with a turnout of 77.7 per cent (with compulsory voting from the age of 18). Peronist Economy Minister Sergio Massa and Javier Milei emerged as the leading presidential candidates, earning 36.7 per cent and 30 per cent of votes, respectively.… Past
Oman Western Asia Legislative Oman conducted general elections on 29 October to elect 90 members to the Majlis Al-Shura Council for its tenth term, spanning 2023 to 2027. There were a total of 843 candidates, including 32 women. The elections saw a record turnout of 65.9 per cent, with more than 753,000 registered voters… Past
Liberia Africa Executive In the first round of the presidential election in October, leading candidates Joseph Boakai of the Unity Party (UP) and incumbent President George Weah of the Coalition for Democratic Change (CDC) were separated by less than one per cent of the vote. Voters were asked to choose between these top… Past
Argentina Americas Executive In a significant shift in Argentina's political landscape, the presidential run-off on 19 November saw a resounding victory for Javier Milei. Despite falling behind Sergio Massa by nearly 1.8 million votes in the first round, Milei secured 55.7 per cent of votes in the second round, leaving Massa… Past
Netherlands Europe Legislative On 22 November, the country held early general elections to elect the members of the House of Representatives following the collapse of the fourth Rutte cabinet in July, triggered by immigration policy disagreements among the coalition partners. The right-wing populist Party for… Past
Egypt Africa Executive President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi was re-elected for a third term in office, winning 89.6 per cent of the vote in presidential elections held between 10 and 12 December. According to Egypt's National Election Authority, the electoral process was marked by a record turnout of 66.8 per cent. There were… Past
Madagascar Africa Executive Madagascar’s presidential election was held on 16 November, resulting in a victory on the first ballot for incumbent President Andry Rajoelina. Ten of the twelve other candidates decided to boycott the election late the process, thus leaving their names on the ballots. Several legal challenges to… Past
Serbia Europe Legislative Early parliamentary, local and Vojvodina provincial elections were held on 17 December. Aleksandar Vučić – Serbia Must Not Stop electoral list led by the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) won nearly 47 per cent of the vote, while opposition parties under the Serbia Against Violence (SPN) won nearly… Past
Chile Americas Referendum On 17 December, in the country's second constitutional referendum, a majority of Chileans voted against the proposed new constitution. 55 per cent of voters rejected a draft that had been prepared by a Constitutional Council in which right-wing and far-right members were the majority. According to… Past
Chad Africa Referendum Chad completed a key step in its path to civilian government on 17 December when a new constitution was approved by referendum, with 85.9 per cent of those who voted (turnout was 62.9 per cent) supporting ratification. The referendum result was challenged in court by a coalition of opposition… Past
Iraq Western Asia Legislative On 18 December, Iraq conducted its first set of provincial elections since 2013. The Independent High Electoral Commission announced the preliminary results, with a turnout of 41 per cent despite a boycott by influential cleric Muqtada al-Sadr. The ruling Shia Coordination Framework emerged as a… Past
Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa General General elections (for members of local councils, the National Assembly and the president) were held on 20 December. The context included a lack of transportation infrastructure, violent conflict in the east, and many thousands of internally displaced persons. The voting period was extended in some… Past
Tunisia Africa Legislative Tunisia held two rounds of elections to select members of local councils for a five-year term. These elections represent a significant step towards the establishment of the National Council of Regions and Districts, which will serve as a second chamber in the Tunisian parliamentary system. The… Past
Bangladesh Asia and the Pacific Legislative On 7 January, Sheikh Hasina secured her fourth consecutive term as prime minister when her party, the Awami League (AL), won 223 of 300 parliamentary seats. Independent candidates, most of them allied to AL won 62 seats, while the main opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) boycotted the… Past
Bhutan Asia and the Pacific Legislative Bhutan held the fourth parliamentary election in its democratic history on 9 January. Former Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay’s People’s Democratic Party (PDP) won 30 of the 47 National Assembly seats, with Bhutan Tendrel Party declared as the opposition party and securing 17 seats. Initially, five… Past
Taiwan Asia and the Pacific General Lai Chin-te of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) won Taiwan’s presidential election on 13 January, securing 40.05 per cent of the vote in the three-way presidential race. Hsiao Bi-khim was elected as vice president. Voter turnout stood at 71.86 per cent, slightly lower than the 74.90 per cent… Past
Comoros Africa Executive Comoros held elections for the national presidency and the governors of the three largest islands on 14 January. The Independent National Election Commission (Commission Electoral National Independante, CENI) reported that the incumbent president Azali Assoumani won re-election in the first round,… Past
Finland Europe Executive On 11 February, Alexander Stubb from the center-right National Coalition Party (NCP) won 51.6 per cent of the vote in the run-off against Pekka Haavisto, who received 48.4 per cent. Haavisto is a member of the centre-left Green Party but ran as an independent candidate. Stubb previously served as… Past
Mali Africa Executive Presidential elections had been due to take place in February 2024, but they were not held. Suspended
El Salvador Americas Executive On 4 February, Nayib Bukele was re-elected as president by 84.6 per cent of cast votes. This is more than ten times the number of votes won by the second-place candidate.  The Tribunal Supremo Electoral carried out a recount of 30 per cent of presidential ballots and all legislative votes, due… Past
Azerbaijan Europe Executive Azerbaijan held snap presidential elections on 7 February in which President Ilham Aliyev was elected to a fifth term in office. Aliyev, who took office in 2003, received 92.12 per cent of the vote with 76 per cent voter turnout, although neither number could be independently verified. No women… Past
Pakistan Asia and the Pacific Legislative Pakistan held its general election on 8 February to elect representatives for the National Assembly and the prime minister. Preliminary election results show that independent candidates won 101 of the 336 National Assembly seats, the majority of which are affiliated with jailed ex-Prime Minister… Past
Indonesia Asia and the Pacific General Indonesia held general elections on 14 February 2024 for president, vice president, both houses of parliament and local and regional offices. Final election results released on 21 March showed Minister of Defense Prabowo Subianto and his vice presidential running mate Gibran Rakabuming, the son of… Past
Cambodia Asia and the Pacific Legislative Cambodia held elections for the upper house of parliament on 25 February. Hun Sen’s ruling Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) won 55 of 58 contested seats, down from 58 seats in the previous parliament (four additional seats are appointed, two by the King and two by the National Assembly). Khmer Will,… Past
Belarus Europe Legislative Belarus held parliamentary elections on 25 February for 110 seats in the lower house and 12,000 seats on local councils. The opposition boycotted or was refused registration, meaning all 110 MPs are members of parties loyal to President Alyaksandr Lukashenka. 36 of 110 MPs in the incoming… Past
Iran Western Asia Legislative On 1 March, Iran held parliamentary elections for all 290 seats of its Islamic Consultative Assembly, although contests for 45 of these seats will go to a second round in April or May, due to the fact that the winning candidates had failed to secure 20 per cent of the vote. The first round was… Past
Ireland Europe Referendum Ireland held two referendums on 8 March, one to change the family amendment and one to change the care amendment in the constitution. Proponents of these amendments, including all parliamentary parties except the social conservative Aontú, argued that the wording in the constitution is outdated.… Past
Portugal Europe Legislative On 10 March, Portugal held an early general election, after Prime Minister Antonio Costa (Socialist Party) resigned in November over corruption allegations. The 230 seats in Portugal’s unicameral Parliament were contested across 22 constituencies (comprised of 18 metropolitan constituencies, the… Past
Russian Federation Europe Executive Russia held presidential elections from 15 to 17 March in which President Vladimir Putin secured a fifth term in office against no meaningful opposition. According to the Central Election Commission, Putin secured 87.3 per cent of the vote on 77.44 per cent turnout, up from 77.5 per cent on 67.5… Past
Slovakia Europe Executive Slovakia held presidential elections, with the first round on 23 March and the second round on 6 April. The nationalist-left government candidate, Peter Pellegrini won over the opposition candidate, Ivan Korčok with 53.0 per cent of the vote. The voter turnout was 61.1 per cent in the second round… Past
Senegal Africa Executive Senegal’s presidential election (originally scheduled for 25 February) was held on 24 March. Bassirou Diomaye Faye of the African Patriots of Senegal for Work, Ethics and Fraternity (Patriotes africains du Sénégal pour le travail, l’éthique et la fraternité, PASTEF) won the election in the first… Past
Kuwait Western Asia Legislative On 4 April, Kuwait held its fourth national election in four years, attempting to resolve its prolonged political deadlock. The snap election that took place during the month of Ramadan was called after Kuwait’s new emir Sheikh Mishal, who took office last December, dissolved the parliament on 15… Past
Republic of Korea Asia and the Pacific Legislative South Korea’s parliamentary election on 10 April delivered a landslide victory to the opposition Democratic Party and its satellite party [political entities aligned with major political parties], securing 175 of the 300 National Assembly (NA) seats but falling just short of a supermajority. The… Past
Solomon Islands Asia and the Pacific Legislative The Solomon Islands held a general election on 17 April in which incumbent Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare’s OUR Party secured a plurality with 15 of 50 seats in parliament. Sogavare announced during coalition-building negotiations that he would not seek another term and resign as the head of his… Past
Croatia Europe Legislative In the parliamentary elections held on 17 April, the conservative Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) remained the largest group with 34.4 per cent of the vote (winning 61 out of 151 seats, six fewer than they won in 2020), while the Social Democratic Party (SPD) coalition came second with 25.4 per… Past
India Asia and the Pacific Legislative India held its general elections from 19 April to 1 June, conducted over seven phases. The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) of Prime Minister Narendra Modi won 240 seats, falling short of an outright majority, and needed to form a coalition government for the first time. The opposition INDIA… Past
Ecuador Americas Referendum On 21 April, through a single ballot, citizens participated in both a binding referendum on constitutional amendments and a consultative plebiscite on other questions. Citizens voted ‘Yes’ to referendum questions related to amending the constitution to permit armed forces to support the national… Past
Maldives Asia and the Pacific Legislative The Maldives parliamentary election on 21 April delivered a landslide victory for President Mohamed Muizzu’s ruling People’s National Congress (PNC), which secured 66 out of the 93-member house seats, while the opposition Maldivian Democratic Party won 12 seats. Voter turnout was approximately 73.9… Past
Togo Africa Legislative Togo’s legislative elections, originally scheduled for 13 April but held on 29 April, were won by President Faure Gnassingbé’s ruling party, the Union for the Republic (Union Pour la République, UNIR), with provisional results showing it had secured 108 (96 per cent) of the 113 seats in the… Past
Panama Americas General On 5 May, Panama held elections to choose its president, members of the National Assembly, members of the Central American Parliament, mayors and other local leaders. José Raúl Mulino was elected president with the support of 34.3 per cent of voters, nearly ten percentage points ahead of second… Past
Chad Africa Executive On 6 May, Chad held presidential elections that formally ended the three-year rule of the country’s transitional military government. Former interim president, Mahamat Déby, of the Patriotic Salvation Movement (Mouvement Patriotique du Salut, MPS) won the election in the first round, receiving 61.… Past
North Macedonia Europe General North Macedonia held parliamentary elections and the presidential runoff on 8 May. The right-wing coalition VMRO-DPMNE emerged as the largest party with 43.3 per cent of the vote, marking a shift in power after seven years of rule by the centre-left Social Democratic Union (SDSM), which… Past
Lithuania Europe Executive On 26 May, the incumbent President Gitanas Nausėda (Independent) was re-elected for a second five-year term in a run-off against Prime Minister Ingrida Šimonytė of the centre-right Homeland Union party (Tėvynės sąjunga-Lietuvos krikščionys demokratai). Nausėda, a former economist at a… Past
Dominican Republic Americas General Dominican Republic President Luis Abinader, candidate for the Modern Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Moderno, PRM), won re-election for a four-year term in the 19 May general election. He secured 57.4 per cent of the vote, defeating former President Leonel Fernández, who received 28.9… Past
South Africa Africa Legislative On 29 May, South Africa held general elections for the National Assembly (the lower chamber of the national parliament), and the nine provincial legislatures. Official results showed that the incumbent African National Congress (ANC) had won the largest share of the National Assembly’s 400 seats (… Past
Madagascar Africa Legislative On 29 May, Madagascar held legislative elections for 163 members of the National Assembly, the lower chamber of the country’s parliament. According to provisional results released by the electoral commission (Madagascar’s electoral commission (Commission électorale nationale indépendante), CENI),… Past
Iceland Europe Executive In the presidential elections that took place on 1 June, the top three candidates were women. Halla Tómasdóttir, an independent candidate, won with 34 per cent of the votes in the first-past-the-post voting system, where the candidate with the most votes wins regardless of the total number of votes… Past
Mexico Americas General On 2 June, more than 20,000 public officials were chosen in general elections (including members of federal and local legislatures, governors, mayors and council members). Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo was elected as Mexico’s first woman president, with 59.4 per cent of votes. Sheinbaum ran as candidate… Past
Belgium Europe Legislative On 9 June, voters elected regional and federal parliaments, and Belgium’s members of the European Parliament. Right-leaning, reformist parties gained more support over the far right and far left. The right-wing New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) remained the largest group in the Federal Parliament… Past
Bulgaria Europe Legislative On 9 June, following the collapse of a nine-month coalition between the centre-right Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria-Union of Democratic Forces (GERB-UDF) and the centrist We Continue the Change – Democratic Bulgaria (PP-DB) in March, Bulgaria held its sixth parliamentary … Past
Mongolia Asia and the Pacific Legislative Mongolia held a parliamentary election on 28 June in which the ruling Mongolian People’s Party secured a slim majority of 68 seats out of 126 seats, while the main opposition Democratic Party secured 42 seats, an increase from previous years where DPP won 11 out of the-then 76 seat body. The… Past
Mauritania Africa Executive Mauritania’s presidential election was held on 30 June and was won by incumbent Mohamed Ould Cheikh El Ghazouani. According to the results released by the country’s Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI), Ghazouani secured a second term with 56.12 per cent of the vote. The former army… Past
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Europe General On 4 July, the United Kingdom held a general election in which 650 seats for the House of Commons, the lower parliamentary house, were contested. The Labour Party, led by Keir Starmer, won a majority of 411 seats with a vote share of 33.7 per cent. The Conservative Party, led by incumbent Prime… Past
Iran Western Asia Executive On 5 July, presidential candidate Masoud Pezeshkian, representing the reformist political faction, won the second round of the Iranian presidential election with 53.7 percent of the vote. He defeated his hardline opponent, Saeed Jalili. Voter turnout reached 49.8 percent, higher than the record low… Past
France Europe Legislative On 30 June, France held early legislative elections. In the first round, 577 seats of the lower parliamentary house, the National Assembly, were contested. A second round of voting took place on 7 July. The newly created coalition of left-wing parties, the New Popular Front (Nouveau Front Populaire… Past
Syrian Arab Republic Western Asia Legislative Syria held parliamentary elections on 15 July in the 70 per cent of Syrian territory controlled by President Bashar al-Assad. According to the Higher Judicial Committee for Elections (HJCE), 1,516 candidates ran for the 250 seats in the Syrian People’s Assembly (Majlis Al-Shaab). All candidates… Past
Rwanda Africa General Rwanda’s presidential and legislative elections were held on 15 July. The presidential contest was won by incumbent, Paul Kagame, who secured a fourth term with over 99 per cent of the vote, according to the official results released by the National Electoral Commission (NEC). Frank Habineza of the… Past
Venezuela Americas Executive On 28 July, Venezuela held presidential elections. According to the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral, CNE), a Maduro-allied body, incumbent Nicolas Maduro was re-elected with 51 per cent of votes, with the Unitary Platform’s candidate, Edmundo Gonzalez Urrutia, obtaining 44… Past
Azerbaijan Europe Legislative The ruling New Azerbaijan Party (YAP) of President Ilham Aliyev retained its dominant place in Parliament in a snap parliamentary election held on 1 September. YAP retained 68 of 125 seats, with the remainder going to loyal independent MPs or allied parties. The nominally opposition Republican… Past
Algeria Africa Executive On 7 September, Algeria's incumbent President, Abdelmadjid Tebboune of the National Liberation Front (FLN), was re-elected for a second term with 84.3 per cent of the vote, according to results confirmed by the Constitutional Court. Of the 16 candidates who submitted their candidacies, including… Past
Jordan Western Asia Legislative On 10 September, Jordan held legislative elections to choose 138 members of its House of Representatives, the lower house of Parliament. A total of 1,623 candidates ran for these seats, 23.4 per cent of which were women. The Islamic Action Front (IAF) emerged as the leading party, securing 31 seats… Past
Sri Lanka Asia and the Pacific Executive Anura Kumara Dissanayake of the National People’s Power (NPP) alliance won the presidential election held on 21 September, securing 42.3 per cent of the vote. A record 38 contenders took part in the initial presidential race, with no female candidates. The election was widely seen as a three-way… Past
Austria Europe Legislative On 29 September, the “far-right” Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) won a party record by winning 57 of the 183 parliamentary seats, securing 28.8 per cent of the vote in the legislative elections. Chancellor Karl Nehammer’s Austrian Peoples Party (ÖVP) secured 51 seats, with a vote share of 26.3 per… Past
Tunisia Africa Executive Incumbent President Kais Saied won the presidential election on 6 October, securing a second term with 90.69 per cent of the vote in the first round. He faced only two male opponents: Ayachi Zammel, the imprisoned Azimoun party leader, who received 7.35 per cent of the vote, and Zouhair Maghzaoui… Past
Mozambique Africa General On 9 October, Mozambique held general elections to select the President and members of the unicameral Assembly of the Republic and the provincial assemblies. According to the provisional results announced by the National Elections Commission (Comissão Nacional de Eleições, CNE) on 24 October,… Past
Lithuania Europe Legislative Lithuania held legislative elections for the 141-seat Seimas, with the first round on 13 October and a run-off on 27 October. The Social Democratic Party (LSDP) won 52 seats (19.3 per cent of the vote share), surpassing the incumbent Homeland Union-Christian Democrats of Lithuania (TS-LKD), which… Past
Georgia Europe Legislative On 26 October, Georgia held a parliamentary election in which all 150 seats were contested under a fully proportional system for the first time. The incumbent right-wing Georgian Dream remained the largest party and won 89 seats with a vote share of 53.93 per cent. The centre-right Coalition for… Past
Uzbekistan Asia and the Pacific Legislative Uzbekistan held elections for the Qonunchilik palatasi, the lower house of parliament, on 27 October. The ruling Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party increased its representation in the 150-seat chamber from 53 to 64. All five parties who participated in the election are loyal to the government of… Past
Uruguay Americas General On 27 October, Uruguay held general elections. Voter turnout was 89.52 per cent, similar to the 90,13 per cent recorded  in the last elections in 2019 (voting is compulsory). Uruguayans had the option to vote for one of 11 presidential tickets, all led by men. Yamandú Orsi from the… Past
Japan Asia and the Pacific Legislative On 27 October, Japan held snap elections for the House of Representatives, the lower house of parliament. Prime Minister Ishiba’s Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) lost 68 seats but remains the largest party in the House of Representatives with 191 out of 465 seats (41.1 per cent). The main opposition… Past
Bulgaria Europe Legislative On 27 October, snap parliamentary elections were held for the 240-seat Parliament, after June’s elections failed to produce a governing coalition. The incumbent centre-right Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria-Union of Democratic Forces (GERB-UDF) received a vote share of 26.39 per cent (… Past
Botswana Africa General On 30 October, Botswana held general elections for the unicameral National Assembly and local councils. An opposition coalition, the Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC), emerged as winners of the national contest, securing a majority of the vote (59.0 per cent) and 36 of the 61 elected National… Past
Republic of Moldova Europe Executive Moldova held a two-round presidential election on 20 October and 3 November. The incumbent President Maia Sandu of the Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS) led in the first round with 42.49 per cent of the vote, ahead of Alexandr Stoianoglo of the Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova (… Past
United States of America Americas Executive On 5 November Donald Trump was elected president after winning 312 electoral votes (and 49.9 per cent of the popular vote), compared to the Democratic candidate Kamala Harris’s 226 electoral votes (and 48.4 per cent of the popular vote). The latest data suggests voter turnout was high, at 63.8 per… Past
Mauritius Africa Legislative Opposition coalition, the Alliance for Change (Alliance du Changement) won Mauritius’ legislative elections held on 10 November, securing 60 of the 62 (96.8 per cent) directly elected seats in the unicameral National Assembly. The Rodrigues People’s Organisation (Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais)… Past
Sri Lanka Asia and the Pacific Legislative Sri Lanka held snap parliamentary elections on 14 November, following left-leaning leader Anura Kumara Dissanayake’s presidential win in October. Dissanayake’s National People’s Power coalition secured a historic super majority in parliament with 159 out of 225 seats (70.6 per cent). This marks the… Past
Gabon Africa Referendum Gabon passed a key milestone in its democratic transition on 16 November as voters approved a new constitution in a referendum, over a year after a coup d'état ended the 55-year rule of the Bongo family. According to the Constitutional Court, which validated the result on 29 November, the… Past
Senegal Africa Legislative Senegal’s legislative elections, held on 17 November, were won by the country’s governing party, the African Patriots of Senegal for Work, Ethics and Fraternity (Patriotes africains du Sénégal pour le travail, l'éthique et la fraternité, PASTEF), which secured 130 of the 165 (78.8 per cent) seats… Past
Namibia Africa General Namibia’s ruling party, the South West Africa People’s Organisation (SWAPO) won the country’s general election, which was originally scheduled for 27 November but later extended in some areas to 30 November. Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah won the presidential election with 58.1 per cent of the popular vote… Past
Ireland Europe General Ireland held early general elections on 29 November, after Prime Minister Simon Harris announced a snap election in a bid to secure another term for his Fine Gael party, which has been in office since 2011, and in a three-party coalition in the last mandate. Out of the 174 seats of the Dáil Éireann… Past
Iceland Europe Legislative Iceland held early parliamentary elections on 30 November, the sixth since 2008. Prime Minister Bjarni Benediktsson, who came to power in April after his predecessor resigned, called for elections in October after ending the coalition between his Independence Party, the Progressive Party, and the… Past
Romania Europe Legislative The ruling Social Democratic Party (PSD) won parliamentary elections held on 1 December, in which the 331 seats in the Chamber of Deputies (the lower parliamentary house), and the 136 seats in the Senate (the upper house) were up for election. PSD won the largest vote share in both chambers but… Past
Ghana Africa Executive On 7 December, former President John Dramani Mahama won Ghana’s presidential election with 56.4 per cent of the vote, defeating Vice President Mahamudu Bawumia, who secured 41.8 per cent. Voter turnout stood at 64.0 per cent, down from 79.0 per cent in 2020. The election also resulted in a strong… Past
Croatia Europe Executive On 29 December, Croatia held the first round of its presidential elections, but no candidate secured a majority. A run-off will take place on 12 January. Incumbent President Zoran Milanović, backed by the Social Democratic Party (SDP), received the most votes with 49.1 per cent. Dragan Primorac,… Past
Chad Africa Legislative On 29 December, Chad held legislative elections, continuing its democratic transition that began after the 2021 unconstitutional change of government that first brought to power the country’s recently elected President, Mahamat Déby. It was also Chad’s first legislative election since 2011.… Past
Comoros Africa Legislative On 12 January, Comoros held parliamentary elections, with the Convention pour le Renouveau des Comores (CRC) winning 28 out of 33 seats, according to the Independent National Election Commission. Voter turnout was recorded at 66.3 per cent, compared to 70.9 per cent in 2020. Several opposition… Past
Vanuatu Asia and the Pacific General Vanuatu held snap general elections on 16 January in which no political party won a majority in the 52-seat parliament. While the election was called as a result of persistent political instability in the country, the question of how to rebuild from a major earthquake on 17 December dominated the… Past
Belarus Europe Executive Belarus held a presidential election on 26 January in which incumbent Alyaksandr Lukashenka won his seventh straight term. According to the Central Election Commission, Lukashenka won 87.5 per cent of the vote on 85.7 per cent turnout, up from 84.3 per cent in the previous election. The election… Past
Ecuador Americas General On 9 February, Ecuadorians voted for the President, members of the National Assembly, and members of the Andean Parliament. Incumbent Daniel Noboa and leftist candidate Luisa Gonzalez will head to a runoff on 13 April after a tight presidential race. Noboa obtained 44.2 per cent of votes, while… Past
Kosovo Europe Legislative In the parliamentary elections of 9 February, incumbent Prime Minister Albin Kurti and his Vetevendosje party (VV) came first with 42.3 per cent of the vote, winning 48 out of Parliament’s 120 seats. The Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK) received 20.9 per cent (24 seats) and the Democratic League of… Past
Togo Africa Legislative On 15 February, Togo conducted its first Senate election, completing its transition to an ‘assembly independent’ political system, under constitutional reforms promulgated in 2024. Forty-one of the 61 Senators were indirectly elected by municipal and regional councillors. The remaining 20 senators… Past
Germany Europe Legislative On 23 February, Germany held an early federal legislative election after the coalition government collapsed in November 2024. The conservative Christian Democratic Union parties (CDU) led by Friedrich Merz and its sister party Christian Social Union (CSU) won the elections with 28.6 per cent of… Past
Chad Africa Legislative Chad held indirect Senatorial elections on 25 February, which were the first in its history and were won by President Mahamat Déby’s ruling party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement (Mouvement Patriotique du Salut, MPS). According to official results, MPS secured 43 of the 46 elected seats in the… Past
Tajikistan Asia and the Pacific Legislative Tajikistan held elections for the Assembly of Representatives on 2 March in which the ruling People’s Democratic Party maintained control of the parliament, winning 49 of 63 seats and 52.5 per cent of votes. The Central Commission for Elections and Referendums reported 85.4 per cent turnout, a… Past
Gabon Africa Executive On 12 April, Gabon held its first presidential election since the 2023 coup (which had immediately followed the August 2023 general presidential elections), four months ahead of the schedule set out in the transitional charter. The sitting transitional president and coup leader… Past
Canada Americas Legislative On 28 April, Canada held its 45th General Election. With 43.7 per cent of the vote, the Liberal Party will remain in government, though it fell short (by three seats) of the 172 seats required for a majority. Mark Carney will continue as Prime Minister. The Conservative Party won 41.3 per cent of… Past
Trinidad and Tobago Americas Legislative On 28 April, Trinidad and Tobago held a general election to elect all members of the House of Representatives, following the recent dissolution of Parliament by Prime Minister Stuart Young.  The opposition party, the United National Congress (UNC), secured a landslide victory, with party… Past
Singapore Asia and the Pacific Legislative On 3 May, Singapore’s People’s Action Party won a decisive victory in the country’s general election, securing 87 of 97 seats and 65.6 per cent of the popular vote. The main opposition Workers’ Party maintained its 10 seats. The Elections Department reported 92.5 per cent turnout, a decrease from… Past
Australia Asia and the Pacific Legislative On 3 May, Australia held the 48th federal election for both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Labor Party, led by Anthony Albanese, secured a second consecutive term, winning 94 of 150 seats in the House of Representatives, with the opposition Liberal-National Coalition securing 43… Past
Romania Europe Executive On 18 May, Nicușor Dan won the second round of Romania’s presidential election with 53.6 per cent of the vote. Dan ran as an independent candidate, and has served as mayor of Bucharest since 2020. George Simion, leader of the Alliance for the Unity of Romanians (AUR) party, received 46.4 per… Past
Albania Europe Legislative On 11 May, Albania held its parliamentary elections, in which the ruling Socialist Party (SP) won 52.2 per cent of the vote, securing Prime Minister Edi Rama an unprecedented fourth term. The SP will hold 83 of 140 seats in Parliament—just one short of the number needed for constitutional… Past
Philippines Asia and the Pacific Legislative On 12 May, the Philippines held national and local midterm elections, with over 18,000 elective seats available, including local officials, 317 parliamentary representatives and 12 Senate seats. According to preliminary results, the Marcos administration retained its majority in the House of… Past
Poland Europe Executive On 1 June, Karol Nawrocki, an independent candidate supported by the Law and Justice party (PiS) narrowly won the second round of Poland’s presidential election with 50.9 per cent of the vote. Rafał Trzaskowski, member of the incumbent Civic Platform party and mayor of Warsaw, received 49.1 per… Past
Portugal Europe Legislative On 18 May, Portugal held a snap legislative election after the minority government of Prime Minister Luis Montenegro lost a confidence vote. The Democratic Alliance (AD) won the election with 31.8 per cent of the vote, securing 91 seats in the 230-seat parliament. Chega emerged… Past
Suriname Americas Legislative On 25 May, Suriname held parliamentary elections for its National Assembly. These were the first elections held since the 2023 electoral reform, which introduced a proportional representation system within a single national constituency. The National Democratic Party (NDP) secured 18 seats, while… Past
Venezuela Americas Legislative On 25 May, Venezuela held elections to choose National Assembly deputies, local lawmakers and regional governments. According to the National Electoral Council, the ruling party (Simon Bolivar Great Patriotic Pole) attained 82.6 per cent of votes for parliament, and 23 out of 24 governorships.… Past
Japan Asia and the Pacific Legislative On 20 July, Japan held an election for the House of Councillors (upper house) in which half (125) of the total 248 seats were contested. Prime Minister Ishiba Shigeru’s ruling Liberal Democratic Party and its coalition partner, Komeito, won 47 seats combined, falling short of the 50 seats needed to… Past
Egypt Africa Legislative On 4 and 5 August, Egypt held Senate elections to fill 200 of the chamber’s 300 seats, with the remaining 100 appointed by the President. This marked the second Senate election since the chamber’s reinstatement in 2019. Egyptians living abroad voted earlier, on 1 and 2 August. Runoffs were held… Past
Bolivia Americas General On 17 August, Bolivians voted for president, vice-president and members of the legislature. Candidates Rodrigo Paz of the Christian Democrat Party (PDC) and former President Jorge Tuto Quiroga of the LIBRE (Liberty and Democracy) alliance  will head to a runoff in October, after receiving 32.1… Past
Guyana Americas Legislative On 1 September, Guyana held General and Regional Elections for the offices of the President, all members of the National Assembly and members of the Regional Democratic Councils (RDCs). President Irfaan Ali of the People's Progressive Party (PPP) was re-elected and the PPP won 36 of the 65 seats in… Past
Jamaica Americas Legislative On 3 September, Jamaica held a general election. The Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) won 35 out of the 63 seats in Parliament’s House of Representatives, resulting in Prime Minister Andrew Holness securing a third term in office. The opposition Peoples’s National Party (PNP) won 28 seats, representing a… Past
Norway Europe Legislative On 8 September, Norway held parliamentary elections to fill all 169 seats of the Storting, the country’s unicameral legislature. Jonas Gahr Støre’s incumbent Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiert) received the highest vote share with 28.0 per cent of the vote, securing 53 seats, and ran in the election… Past
Malawi Africa General On 16 September, Malawi held general elections for the presidency and the National Assembly. The presidential contest was won by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) candidate, Peter Mutharika, who had previously served as president between 2014 and 2020 and received 56.8 per cent of the vote.… Past
Gabon Africa Legislative National Assembly election is scheduled for 27 September 2025. Date not confirmed. Past
Republic of Moldova Europe Legislative The ruling Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS) won 50.2 per cent of the vote and 55 of 101 seats in the country’s parliamentary election on 28 September. The opposition Patriotic Electoral Bloc (BEP) came second with 24.2 per cent and 26 seats. Electoral turnout was 52.2 per cent, up from 48.4 per… Past
Czechia Europe Legislative Chamber of Deputies election is scheduled for 3 October 2025. Past
Syrian Arab Republic Western Asia Legislative Indirect elections to the People's Assembly are scheduled for 5 October 2025. Past
Côte d'Ivoire Africa Executive Presidential election is scheduled for 25 October 2025. Past
Argentina Americas Legislative Senate and Chamber of Deputies elections are scheduled for 26 October 2025. Past
Tanzania Africa General Presidential and National Assembly elections are scheduled for 28 October 2025. Past
Cameroon Africa Executive Presidential election is scheduled for 31 October 2025. Date not confirmed. Past
Iraq Western Asia Legislative Council of Representatives election is scheduled for 11 November 2025. Upcoming
Ireland Europe Executive Presidential election is scheduled for 11 November 2025. Date not confirmed. Upcoming
Chile Americas General Presidential and Parliamentary (Chamber of Deputies and Senate) elections are scheduled for 16 November 2025. Upcoming
Guinea-Bissau Africa General Presidential and People's National Assembly elections are scheduled for 23 November 2025. Upcoming
Honduras Americas General Presidential and National Congress elections are scheduled for 30 November 2025. Upcoming
Central African Republic Africa Legislative National Assembly election is scheduled in December 2025. Date not confirmed. Upcoming
Haiti Americas General Presidential and Parliamentary (Chamber of Deputies and Senate) elections are scheduled in late 2025. Date not confirmed. Upcoming
Guinea Africa General Presidential and National Assembly elections are scheduled in December 2025. Date not confirmed. Upcoming
Portugal Europe Executive Expected by January 2026. Upcoming
Benin Africa Legislative The National Assembly election is scheduled for 11 January 2026. Upcoming
Uganda Africa General The general election is scheduled to be held on 12 January 2026. Upcoming
Lao People's Democratic Republic Asia and the Pacific Legislative Expected by February 2026. Upcoming
Costa Rica Americas General The general election is scheduled to be held on 1 February 2026. Upcoming
Congo Africa Executive Expected by March 2026. Upcoming
Vietnam Asia and the Pacific Legislative Expected by March 2026.  Upcoming
Côte d'Ivoire Africa Legislative Expected by March 2026.  Upcoming
Colombia Americas Legislative Legislative elections are scheduled to be held on 8 March 2026.  Upcoming
Cabo Verde Africa Legislative Expected by April 2026. Upcoming
Djibouti Africa Executive Expected by April 2026. Upcoming
Hungary Europe Legislative Expected by April 2026. Upcoming
Peru Americas General General elections are scheduled to be held on 12 April 2026.  Upcoming
Benin Africa Executive Presidential election scheduled for 12 April 2026. Upcoming
Bangladesh Asia and the Pacific General Expected by April 2026. Upcoming
Lebanon Western Asia General Expected by May 2026.  Upcoming
Cyprus Europe Legislative Expected by May 2026. Upcoming
Colombia Americas Executive Expected by May 2026. Upcoming
Algeria Africa Legislative Expected by June 2026.  Upcoming
Ethiopia Africa General Expected by June 2026. Upcoming
Armenia Europe Legislative Parliamentary election scheduled to be held on 7 June 2026. Upcoming
Zambia Africa General The general election is scheduled to be held on 13 August 2026. Upcoming
Morocco Africa General Expected by September 2026. Upcoming
Somalia Africa Legislative Expected by September 2026. Upcoming
Czechia Europe Legislative Expected by September 2026. Upcoming
Sweden Europe General The general elections are scheduled to be held on 13 September 2026.  Upcoming
Cabo Verde Africa Executive Expected by October 2026. Upcoming
Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe General Expected by October 2026.  Upcoming
Denmark Europe General Expected by October 2026. Upcoming
Latvia Europe Legislative Expected by October 2026. Upcoming
Brazil Americas General The general election is scheduled to be held on 4 October 2026.  Upcoming
Bahrain Western Asia General Expected to be held by November 2026. Upcoming
Bulgaria Europe Executive Expected by November 2026. Upcoming
Nicaragua Americas Executive Expected by November 2026.  Upcoming
United States of America Americas Legislative Parliamentary elections are scheduled to be held on 3 November 2026.  Upcoming
Israel Western Asia Legislative Expected by November 2026. Upcoming
Gambia Africa Executive Expected by December 2026. Upcoming
Kosovo Europe Executive Not yet scheduled.  Upcoming
Russian Federation Europe Legislative Not yet scheduled.  Upcoming
Slovenia Europe Legislative Not yet scheduled.  Upcoming
Fiji Asia and the Pacific General Not yet scheduled. Upcoming
New Zealand Asia and the Pacific General Not yet scheduled.  Upcoming
South Sudan Africa General The general election is scheduled to be held on 22 December 2026. Upcoming
This table shows elections for the selected year. The list updates automatically when you change the year on the map.
For more data, please visit our Global State of Democracy Indices Page and the Democracy Tracker

Disclaimer: Maps presented do not imply on the part of the Institute any judgement on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement of such boundaries, nor does the placement or size of any country or territory reflect the political view of International IDEA. Maps are used in order to add visual clarity to data.