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Myanmar

Monthly Event Reports

May 2023 | Military junta frees 2,153 prisoners ahead of Buddhist holiday

The military junta released 2,153 prisoners convicted under section 505A of the penal code, which it uses to suppress peaceful dissent in the country. The junta traditionally amnesties prisoners in line with national holidays, but data suggests that political prisoners make up only a small fraction of the total number of prisoners released. Post-release, amnestied prisoners are typically kept under surveillance and are at high risk of re-arrest.

April 2023 | Military junta airstrike kills civilians at an NUG-office opening ceremony

The military junta launched one of the deadliest air assaults since it came into power, killing more than 100 civilians, including children, who were attending a ceremonial opening of a local office (Kanbalu’s People’s Administration Team) of the National Unity Government (NUG). The targeted village is in the Sagaing region, which has become a place of anti-regime resistance. The airstrike was condemned by the ASEAN Chair, the United Nations, the NUG, and others.

March 2023 | 1000 Rohingya refugees to return in Myanmar for a pilot program

A Myanmar junta delegation visited south-eastern Bangladesh’s Rohingya refugee camps to interview refugees’ candidates for a controversial “pilot repatriation programme” of 1,000 people. The programme was created by Myanmar and Bangladesh in 2018 and mediated by the Chinese government but was halted for the past years following Myanmar’s military coup and the Covid-19 pandemic. Earlier in March, a delegation of ambassadors from eight countries visited Rakhine State’s Maungdaw township to verify the preparation of the village before refugees’ arrival. The pilot programme sparked concern over the military junta’s commitment to ensuring a safe and dignified return for Rohingya refugees.

February 2023 | Junta extends state of emergency and martial law

The Junta extended the country’s state of emergency by six months, claiming that the “country remains in an abnormal situation and time is needed to prepare for a peaceful and stable election.” The Junta also extended martial law in 37 townships across the country. Rights groups are warning the announcement could foretell a possible increase in arbitrary arrests, torture and executions by Myanmar’s military regime as martial law puts police, judicial and administrative activities in the townships under the regional military’s control.

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GSoD Indices Data 2013-2022

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Basic Information

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Population Tooltip
54 806 010
Head of government
State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi (imprisoned since 1 February 2021)
Electoral system for lower or single chamber
First Past the Post
Women in lower or single chamber
15.5%
Women in upper chamber
16.8%
Last legislative election
2020
Head of state
President Win Myint (imprisoned since 1 February 2021)
Selection process for head of state
Indirect election (assembly + regional/local representatives)
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) date
25/01/2021
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Human Rights Treaties

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State Party State party
Signatory Signatory
No Action No action
United Nations Human Right Treaties
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
No Action
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
State Party
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
No Action
Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
State Party
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment
No Action
Convention on the Rights of the Child
State Party
International Convention on Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
No Action
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance 
No Action
International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
State Party
International Labour Organisation Treaties
Forced Labour Convention
State Party
Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention
State Party
Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention
No Action
Equal Remuneration Convention
No Action
Abolition of Forced Labour Convention
No Action
Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention
No Action
Convention concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment
State Party
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention
State Party
in
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Categories of Democratic Performance

Representation neutral Representation
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Representation neutral Rights
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Representation neutral Rule of law
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Representation neutral Participation
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Global State of Democracy Indices

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Representation
Representation
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/1
high 0.7-1.0
mid 0.4-0.7
low 0.0-0.4
Rights
Rights
0
/1
high 0.7-1.0
mid 0.4-0.7
low 0.0-0.4
Rule of Law
Rule of Law
0
/1
high 0.7-1.0
mid 0.4-0.7
low 0.0-0.4
Participation
Participation
0
/1
high 0.7-1.0
mid 0.4-0.7
low 0.0-0.4
Annual value

Factors of Democratic Performance Over Time

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