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Bolivia

Monthly Updates

December 2022 | Governor of opposition-held Santa Cruz is arrested

Luis Fernando Camacho, governor of the Santa Cruz region and a notable opposition leader, was arrested and charged with terrorism for his alleged involvement in toppling Evo Morales’s government. Camacho, a right-wing politician, took prominent part in the protests against the results of the 2019 elections, which experienced major irregularities and which resulted in Morales stepping down. The charges come after Camacho led strikes to protest the Bolivian government’s decision to postpone a population and housing census because of technical and Covid-19 concerns. In this context, tensions and conflict have been rising between pro-government protesters and those aligned with the opposition in the Santa Cruz department. The latter implemented the strikes aimed at pressuring the central government to hold said census in a shorter timeframe, given that its results impact the distribution of resources and political representation in congress. They have also organized demonstrations against Camacho’s arrest. After confrontation with police, 28 protesters were detained.

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GSoD Indices Data 2012-2021

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Basic Information

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Population Tooltip
11 832 940
System of government
Presidential system
Head of government
President Luis Arce (since 2020)
Head of government party
Movement for Socialism
Electoral system for lower or single chamber
Mixed-member Proportional System
Women in lower or single chamber
46.2%
Women in upper chamber
55.6%
Last legislative election
2020
Effective number of political parties Tooltip
2.46
Head of state
President Luis Arce
Selection process for head of state
Direct election (modified two-round)
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) date
05/11/2019
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) percentage of recommendations supported
86.55%
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Human Rights Treaties

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State Party State party
Signatory Signatory
No Action No action
United Nations Human Right Treaties
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
State Party
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
State Party
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
State Party
Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
State Party
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment
State Party
Convention on the Rights of the Child
State Party
International Convention on Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
State Party
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance 
State Party
International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
State Party
International Labour Organisation Treaties
Forced Labour Convention
State Party
Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention
State Party
Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention
State Party
Equal Remuneration Convention
State Party
Abolition of Forced Labour Convention
State Party
Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention
State Party
Convention concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment
State Party
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention
State Party
Regional Treaties
American Convention on Human Rights
State Party
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
State Party
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Attributes Over Time

Representative government neutral Representative Government
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Representative government neutral Fundamental rights
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Representative government neutral Checks on government
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Representative government neutral Impartial administration
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Representative government neutral Participatory engagement
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GSoD Indices

Regime type
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