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Bolivia

Monthly Event Reports

August 2023 | Congress faces impasse in judicial elections

An impasse in Congress has prevented the call for judicial elections in Bolivia, which means that incumbent officials serving on the Supreme Tribunal, Constitutional Tribunal, Agro-environmental Tribunal and Magistrate’s Council will remain in place for now.  Without the two thirds majority needed and amid internal divisions within the MAS party, movement remains stalled.  Critics of the 2017 amendment, which brought in the use of elections for judicial posts, consider it has not contributed to improving the legitimacy of the judicial branch, as low voter-turnout (as seen in previous elections) and corruption in the judiciary prevail. 

July 2023 | Former interim President Jeanine Añez’s prison sentence ratified

Bolivian courts ratified the ten-year prison sentence that last year was handed to Jeanine Añez, former interim President, for crimes related to dereliction of duty. Añez stated she will appeal and accused the ruling party Movement for Socialism (Movimiento al Socialismo, MAS) of retaliation for the aftermath of the 2019 presidential elections. In 2019, irregularities were denounced following the presidential elections and were followed by protests that resulted in violence and fatalities, leading to Evo Morales’s resignation and flight from the country. Ms Añez then assumed the presidency without following constitutional procedure, a measure she defends as needed in face of a legal vacuum regarding the presidential succession (as MAS politicians in line of succession had also resigned). She was further object of criticism after her government accused Evo Morales of sedition and terrorism, charges that she is currently facing as well. 

December 2022 | Governor of opposition-held Santa Cruz is arrested

Luis Fernando Camacho, governor of the Santa Cruz region and a notable opposition leader, was arrested and charged with terrorism for his alleged involvement in toppling Evo Morales’s government. Camacho, a right-wing politician, took prominent part in the protests against the results of the 2019 elections, which experienced major irregularities and which resulted in Morales stepping down. The charges come after Camacho led strikes to protest the Bolivian government’s decision to postpone a population and housing census because of technical and Covid-19 concerns. In this context, tensions and conflict have been rising between pro-government protesters and those aligned with the opposition in the Santa Cruz department. The latter implemented the strikes aimed at pressuring the central government to hold said census in a shorter timeframe, given that its results impact the distribution of resources and political representation in congress. They have also organized demonstrations against Camacho’s arrest. After confrontation with police, 28 protesters were detained.

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GSoD Indices Data 2013-2022

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Basic Information

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Population Tooltip
11 832 940
System of government
Presidential system
Head of government
President Luis Arce (since 2020)
Head of government party
Movement for Socialism
Electoral system for lower or single chamber
Mixed-member Proportional System
Women in lower or single chamber
46.2%
Women in upper chamber
55.6%
Last legislative election
2020
Effective number of political parties Tooltip
2.46
Head of state
President Luis Arce
Selection process for head of state
Direct election (modified two-round)
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) date
05/11/2019
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) percentage of recommendations supported
86.55%
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Human Rights Treaties

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State Party State party
Signatory Signatory
No Action No action
United Nations Human Right Treaties
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
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International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
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International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
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Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
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Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment
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Convention on the Rights of the Child
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International Convention on Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
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International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance 
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International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
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International Labour Organisation Treaties
Forced Labour Convention
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Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention
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Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention
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Equal Remuneration Convention
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Abolition of Forced Labour Convention
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Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention
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Convention concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment
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Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention
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Regional Treaties
American Convention on Human Rights
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Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
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Categories of Democratic Performance

Representation neutral Representation
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Representation neutral Rule of law
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Representation neutral Participation
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Global State of Democracy Indices

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Representation
Representation
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/1
high 0.7-1.0
mid 0.4-0.7
low 0.0-0.4
Rights
Rights
0
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high 0.7-1.0
mid 0.4-0.7
low 0.0-0.4
Rule of Law
Rule of Law
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high 0.7-1.0
mid 0.4-0.7
low 0.0-0.4
Participation
Participation
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/1
high 0.7-1.0
mid 0.4-0.7
low 0.0-0.4
Annual value

Factors of Democratic Performance Over Time

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