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Nepal

Monthly Updates

March 2023 | Ram Chandra Paudel elected as new president

On 9 March, Nepal’s members of parliament and provincial assemblies voted to elect Nepali Congress (NC) party leader Ram Chandra Paudel as the country’s new president. The move follows Nepal’s national election held in November 2022, which delivered a hung parliament and a fragile coalition government. Paudel’s appointment aligns with Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal’s power-sharing decision to support NC’s candidate over his initial Communist Party of Nepal-United Marxist Leninist coalition partner. Analysts have noted this “marks a return to the pre-poll alliance of 2022.”

November 2022 | General elections return hung parliament

On 20 November, the Nepali general election returned a hung parliament that analysts say means a continuation of the political instability that has led Nepal to have thirty governments in the past thirty years. The ruling Nepali Congress and the opposition Communist Party of Nepal-United Marxist Leninist received the most and second-most votes, respectively, but neither has a large enough mandate to govern without gaining the support of several coalition parties.  The election day and campaign were mostly peaceful, but some minor irregularities were reported. The campaign was criticized for a lack of choice and representation of marginalized groups, and voter turnout was the lowest since 2008.

September 2022 | President blocks amendment to citizenship act

President Bidya Devi Bhandari refused to ratify proposed amendments to a Citizenship Bill passed by parliament for the second time, despite lacking constitutional grounds to do so, raising fears of a constitutional crisis. The bill provides access to citizenship and voting rights to 500,000 stateless and foreign Nepalis who are currently denied it, such as children with unknown parentage, and has been a hotly contested political issue for several years. The case is now before the Supreme Court.  

Explore past monthly updates

GSoD Indices Data 2012-2021

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Basic Information

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Population Tooltip
30 034 989
System of government
Parliamentary system
Head of government
Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal (since 2022)
Head of government party
CPN (Maoist Centre)
Electoral system for lower or single chamber
Parallel
Women in lower or single chamber
33.1%
Women in upper chamber
37.9%
Last legislative election
2022
Effective number of political parties Tooltip
5.89
Head of state
President Ram Chandra Poudel
Selection process for head of state
Indirect election (assembly + regional/local representatives)
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) date
21/01/2021
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) percentage of recommendations supported
84.12%
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Human Rights Treaties

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State Party State party
Signatory Signatory
No Action No action
United Nations Human Right Treaties
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
State Party
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
State Party
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
State Party
Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
State Party
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment
State Party
Convention on the Rights of the Child
State Party
International Convention on Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
No Action
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance 
No Action
International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
State Party
International Labour Organisation Treaties
Forced Labour Convention
State Party
Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention
No Action
Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention
State Party
Equal Remuneration Convention
State Party
Abolition of Forced Labour Convention
State Party
Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention
State Party
Convention concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment
State Party
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention
State Party
in
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Attributes Over Time

Representative government neutral Representative Government
Dec 2022
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May 2023
Representative government neutral Fundamental rights
Dec 2022
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May 2023
Representative government neutral Checks on government
Dec 2022
Jan
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Mar
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May 2023
Representative government neutral Impartial administration
Dec 2022
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May 2023
Representative government neutral Participatory engagement
Dec 2022
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May 2023

GSoD Indices

Regime type
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