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Monthly Updates

April 2023 | Six new Indigenous territories are legally recognized

President Luiz Inacio Lula Da Silva announced the legal recognition of six new Indigenous territories. This recognition entails special protection of the peoples that inhabit the territories. It also aims to put an end to illegal mining and other resource exploitation activities that have contributed to the deteriorating health and well-being of certain Indigenous communities. This decision by President Da Silva reverses the policy of former President Bolsonaro, who considered that Indigenous communities had been granted too much land, and who had authorized and encouraged mining even in recognized territories.

February 2023 | Authorities expel illegal miners from Indigenous lands amidst health crisis

President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva’s incoming government has launched an operation to expel illegal miners from land in the Amazon near the border with Venezuela, where the Yanomami people live. While illegal mining has taken place for decades in Indigenous territories, it intensified during former President Bolsonaro’s government, as he expressly backed the exploitation of mineral resources from these lands. Illegal mining has also impacted the health and food supply of the Yanomami people, while mercury derived from mining has polluted their water. Lula da Silva has announced his government’s commitment to address disease, hunger, and malnourishment among the community and declared a health emergency in late January, having visited the region and describing the situation as genocide. The Justice Ministry has ordered a federal investigation into possible crimes against the Yanomami people by Bolsonaro’s administration. Reports from different media and human rights organizations have highlighted the current health crisis that includes pervasive malnutrition and lack of access to medical treatment for diseases such as malaria. Some of such reports have revealed that in the past four years around 570 Yanomami children have died from hunger-related causes.

January 2023 | Bolsonaro supporters storm Congress and other government buildings

On 8 January, supporters of former president Jair Bolsonaro stormed Congress and the seats of the executive branch and the judiciary. The government buildings were broken into and vandalized. Bolsonaro’s supporters alleged fraud in the October elections and demanded military intervention to oust President Luiz Inacio Lula Da Silva, who had taken office a week earlier. The Supreme Court has decided to investigate whether or not former president Bolsonaro was involved in inciting this attack, as well as the possible complicity of members of security forces in allowing it to happen. The Court also issued arrest warrants against two top security officials for their apparent collusion. Over a thousand protesters were arrested, many of whom have been charged with crimes and are now awaiting trial. 

November 2022 | Superior Electoral Court rejects Bolsonaro party’s appeal against the results of the presidential election

The Superior Electoral Court (Tribunal Supremo Electoral) rejected a legal challenge from Bolsonaro’s Liberal Party, aimed at invalidating the votes registered by certain voting machines used in the presidential election. The Court characterised the complaint as made in bad faith and imposed the party a fine of 22.9 million reais. While president Bolsonaro did not expressly concede defeat in the presidential election, his administration has initiated the transition process with president elect Lula's team.

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GSoD Indices Data 2012-2021

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Basic Information

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Population Tooltip
214 326 223
System of government
Presidential system
Head of government
President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (since 2023)
Head of government party
Workers' Party (PT)
Electoral system for lower or single chamber
List Proportional Representation
Women in lower or single chamber
17.5%
Women in upper chamber
18.5%
Last legislative election
2022
Effective number of political parties Tooltip
12.34
Head of state
President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Selection process for head of state
Direct election (two-round majority)
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) date
05/05/2017
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) percentage of recommendations supported
98.37%
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Human Rights Treaties

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State Party State party
Signatory Signatory
No Action No action
United Nations Human Right Treaties
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
State Party
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
State Party
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
State Party
Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
State Party
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment
State Party
Convention on the Rights of the Child
State Party
International Convention on Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
No Action
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance 
State Party
International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
State Party
International Labour Organisation Treaties
Forced Labour Convention
State Party
Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention
No Action
Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention
State Party
Equal Remuneration Convention
State Party
Abolition of Forced Labour Convention
State Party
Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention
State Party
Convention concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment
State Party
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention
State Party
Regional Treaties
American Convention on Human Rights
State Party
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
State Party
in
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Attributes Over Time

Representative government neutral Representative Government
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Representative government neutral Fundamental rights
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Representative government neutral Checks on government
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Representative government neutral Impartial administration
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Representative government neutral Participatory engagement
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GSoD Indices

Regime type
0 10