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Germany

Monthly Event Reports

January 2024 | Bundestag approves citizenship reform law

On 19 January, the German Bundestag (lower house of parliament), passed a law aimed at reducing the time required to obtain German citizenship from eight to five years for immigrants living legally in the country. In cases of a high level of integration such as special achievements in education, work, or language skills, this period is further shortened to three years. Dual citizenship will also be allowed. Parents can claim citizenship for German-born children if at least one parent has been a legal resident for five years. The law, proposed by Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s centre-left socially liberal coalition, received 382 votes in favour, 234 votes against, and 23 abstentions. The main opposition parties, the Christian Democrats and the Christian Social Union, along with the far-right party Alternative for Germany, voted against. The law seeks to provide integration incentives, bring more skilled workers and help relieve labor shortages. It was passed by the Bundesrat (upper house) on 2 February and is now awaiting signatures from Chancellor Olaf Scholz and President Frank-Walter Steinmeier, before entering into force three months later.

November 2023 | Federal and state governments agree on stricter migration measures
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Chancellor Olaf Scholz and state governors reached an agreement to address the rising migrant influx, implementing measures such as expediting asylum procedures, making deportation easier, restricting benefits for asylum-seekers, and providing increased financial aid to affected states and local communities. The authorities said that the aim of these measures is to reduce irregular migration. Amid the ongoing refugee crisis, Germany has taken in over 1 million Ukrainians, prompting changes in the financing system for asylum seekers.

July 2023 | Parliament passes immigration law to attract skilled labour

In a major shift in Germany’s policy, the parliament passed a new immigration law that creates opportunities for non-EU citizens wishing to work in Germany, as well as for refugees already in the country. Bundesrat, Germany’s upper house, gave the final approval in July. The legislation aims at attracting skilled labour in order to target the current shortage deemed as slowing the economy’s growth by turning Germany into a more immigration-friendly country. The law reduces restrictions and bureaucratic bottlenecks for applicants, lowering eligibility criteria for Blue Card work visas, and introducing the “opportunity card” (Canada-style points-based system) that will be awarded to applicants who meet certain requirements to go to Germany for a year to find employment. Refugees who applied for asylum by 29 March, as well as those on a tourist visa will also be allowed to join the labour market under specific conditions. All three coalition parties voted for the legislation. The centre-right CDU/CSU parties and the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) voted against, while the left-leaning Linke abstained.  

May 2023 | Federal government increases financial support for refugees

The federal government has agreed to the states’ demands for increased financial support in dealing with the growing number of refugees. Chancellor Olaf Scholz's administration will raise the lump sum provided to the 16 states by EUR 1 billion for 2023. However, the demand for a EUR 1,000 lump sum payment per refugee was not accepted by the federal government. The agreement also included the modernization of IT systems to accelerate asylum applications. Although the agreement shows some progress, a long-term funding agreement has not been reached, and a decision is expected to be taken in November.

Explore past monthly event reports

GSoD Indices Data 2013-2022

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Basic Information

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Population Tooltip
 83 196 080
System of government
Parliamentary system
Head of government
Chancellor Olaf Scholz (since 2021)
Head of government party
Social Democratic Party (SPD)
Electoral system for lower or single chamber
Mixed-member Proportional Representation
Women in lower or single chamber
35.1%
Women in upper chamber
40.6%
Last legislative election
2021
Effective number of political parties Tooltip
6.18
Head of state
President Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Selection process for head of state
Indirect election (assembly + regional/local representatives)
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) date
08/05/2018
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) percentage of recommendations supported
80.69%
Population Tooltip
 83 196 080
System of government
Parliamentary system
Head of government
Chancellor Olaf Scholz (since 2021)
Head of government party
Social Democratic Party (SPD)
Electoral system for lower or single chamber
Mixed-member Proportional Representation
Women in lower or single chamber
35.1%
Women in upper chamber
40.6%
Last legislative election
2021
Effective number of political parties Tooltip
6.18
Head of state
President Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Selection process for head of state
Indirect election (assembly + regional/local representatives)
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) date
08/05/2018
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) percentage of recommendations supported
80.69%
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Human Rights Treaties

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State Party State party
Signatory Signatory
No Action No action
United Nations Human Right Treaties
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
State Party
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
State Party
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
State Party
Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
State Party
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment
State Party
Convention on the Rights of the Child
State Party
International Convention on Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
No Action
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance 
State Party
International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
State Party
International Labour Organisation Treaties
Forced Labour Convention
State Party
Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention
State Party
Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention
State Party
Equal Remuneration Convention
State Party
Abolition of Forced Labour Convention
State Party
Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention
State Party
Convention concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment
State Party
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention
State Party
Regional Treaties
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
State Party
Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
State Party
Protocol No. 4 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
State Party
Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
State Party
Protocol No. 7 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
Signatory
Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
Signatory
Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
State Party
in
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Performance by category over the last 6 months

Representation neutral Representation
Sep 2023
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb 2024
Representation neutral Rights
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Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb 2024
Representation neutral Rule of law
Sep 2023
Oct
Nov
Dec
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Feb 2024
Representation neutral Participation
Sep 2023
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb 2024

Global State of Democracy Indices

Hover over the trend lines to see the exact data points across the years

Explore the indices
Representation
Representation
0
/1
high 0.7-1.0
mid 0.4-0.7
low 0.0-0.4
Rights
Rights
0
/1
high 0.7-1.0
mid 0.4-0.7
low 0.0-0.4
Rule of Law
Rule of Law
0
/1
high 0.7-1.0
mid 0.4-0.7
low 0.0-0.4
Participation
Participation
0
/1
high 0.7-1.0
mid 0.4-0.7
low 0.0-0.4
Annual value

Factors of Democratic Performance Over Time

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