On 7 September, Algeria's incumbent President, Abdelmadjid Tebboune of the National Liberation Front (FLN), was re-elected for a second term with 84.3 per cent of the vote, according to results confirmed by the Constitutional Court. Of the 16 candidates who submitted their candidacies, including two women, the National Independent Election Authority (ANIE) approved only two male candidates to run against Tebboune: Abdelali Hassani Cherif from the Islamist Movement of Society for Peace (MSP) and Youcef Aouchiche from the Socialist Forces Front (FFS).

On 29 September, the “far-right” Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) won a party record by winning 57 of the 183 parliamentary seats, securing 28.8 per cent of the vote in the legislative elections. Chancellor Karl Nehammer’s Austrian Peoples Party (ÖVP) secured 51 seats, with a vote share of 26.3 per cent. This is a loss of 20 seats compared to the previous election. The centre-left Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) became the third largest party with a total of 41 seats and a vote share of 21.1 per cent, lower than in any previous election.

The ruling New Azerbaijan Party (YAP) of President Ilham Aliyev retained its dominant place in Parliament in a snap parliamentary election held on 1 September. YAP retained 68 of 125 seats, with the remainder going to loyal independent MPs or allied parties. The nominally opposition Republican Alternative Party retained its one seat in Parliament. The election was, like previous elections, boycotted by most opposition parties was and neither free nor fair.

Anura Kumara Dissanayake of the National People’s Power (NPP) alliance won the presidential election held on 21 September, securing 42.3 per cent of the vote. A record 38 contenders took part in the initial presidential race, with no female candidates. The election was widely seen as a three-way contest between Dissanayake, incumbent President Ranil Wickremesinghe and opposition leader Sajith Premadasa. Voter turnout was approximately 79.5 per cent, a slight decrease from 83.7 per cent in the 2019 election.

In the parliamentary elections held on 17 April, the conservative Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) remained the largest group with 34.4 per cent of the vote (winning 61 out of 151 seats, six fewer than they won in 2020), while the Social Democratic Party (SPD) coalition came second with 25.4 per cent of the vote. The right-wing party, Homeland Movement was third with 9.6 per cent.

On 6 May, Chad held presidential elections that formally ended the three-year rule of the country’s transitional military government. Former interim president, Mahamat Déby, of the Patriotic Salvation Movement (Mouvement Patriotique du Salut, MPS) won the election in the first round, receiving 61.03 per cent of the vote, according to official results declared by Chad’s election agency, the Agence nationale de gestion des élections (ANGE) and confirmed by the Constitutional Council (le Conseil constitutionnel).

On 29 May, South Africa held general elections for the National Assembly (the lower chamber of the national parliament), and the nine provincial legislatures. Official results showed that the incumbent African National Congress (ANC) had won the largest share of the National Assembly’s 400 seats (159), followed by the Democratic Alliance (87 seats), uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) (58 seats) and the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) (39). It is the first time that the ANC has not won an absolute majority in the chamber since the country’s first democratic elections in 1994.

Mauritania’s presidential election was held on 30 June and was won by incumbent Mohamed Ould Cheikh El Ghazouani. According to the results released by the country’s Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI), Ghazouani secured a second term with 56.12 per cent of the vote. The former army chief of staff and defense minister faced six challengers in the election, none of whom were women.

Mongolia held a parliamentary election on 28 June in which the ruling Mongolian People’s Party secured a slim majority of 68 seats out of 126 seats, while the main opposition Democratic Party secured 42 seats, an increase from previous years where DPP won 11 out of the-then 76 seat body. The election was conducted under a mixed electoral system, following a May 2023 amendment increasing the number of legislators from 76 to 126. Voter turnout stood at 69.8 per cent, down from 73.6 per cent in the 2020 election.

Slovakia held presidential elections, with the first round on 23 March and the second round on 6 April. The nationalist-left government candidate, Peter Pellegrini won over the opposition candidate, Ivan Korčok with 53.0 per cent of the vote. The voter turnout was 61.1 per cent in the second round. The president holds limited power in Slovakia but as an ally of the incumbent government, Peter Pellegrini’s win is expected to strengthen the current Prime Minister Robert Fico’s agenda.