Political Finance Database
57. What power is granted to the institution(s) responsible for examining reports and/or investigating violations?
| Theme | Reporting, oversight and sanctions |
|---|
Breakdown by continent
| Continent | Other | No data | Not applicable | Impose sanctions | Carry out investigation | Refer for investigation | Request additional information from others | Request additional information from potential violator | Countries researched |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | 5 (9.8%) |
13 (25.5%) |
5 (9.8%) |
24 (47.1%) |
14 (27.5%) |
10 (19.6%) |
2 (3.9%) |
13 (25.5%) |
51 |
| Americas | 2 (5.9%) |
3 (8.8%) |
6 (17.6%) |
17 (50.0%) |
18 (52.9%) |
10 (29.4%) |
12 (35.3%) |
17 (50.0%) |
34 |
| Asia | 3 (8.1%) |
5 (13.5%) |
1 (2.7%) |
19 (51.4%) |
22 (59.5%) |
12 (32.4%) |
11 (29.7%) |
17 (45.9%) |
37 |
| Europe | 8 (17.8%) |
0 (0.0%) |
1 (2.2%) |
28 (62.2%) |
28 (62.2%) |
22 (48.9%) |
21 (46.7%) |
37 (82.2%) |
45 |
| Oceania | 1 (7.1%) |
2 (14.3%) |
3 (21.4%) |
3 (21.4%) |
7 (50.0%) |
4 (28.6%) |
4 (28.6%) |
4 (28.6%) |
14 |
| Other | 0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 |
| Total | 19 | 23 | 16 | 91 | 89 | 58 | 50 | 88 | 181 |
Country Answers
| Country | Year | Value (Text) | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Impose sanctions Other |
|
| Albania | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Algeria | 2021 | Impose sanctions | |
| Andorra | 2018 | Other | |
| Angola | 2019 | No data | |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 2018 | Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Argentina | 2019 | Impose sanctions | |
| Armenia | 2021 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Australia | 2025 | Carry out investigation Refer for investigation |
|
| Austria | 2023 | Impose sanctions Carry out investigation Refer for investigation Request additional information from others Request additional information from potential violator Audit by auditors |
|
| Azerbaijan | 2023 | Refer for investigation | |
| Bahamas | 2018 | Not applicable | |
| Bahrain | 2021 | No data | |
| Bangladesh | 2018 | Request additional information from potential violator | |
| Barbados | 2018 | Carry out investigation | |
| Belarus | 2018 | Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Belgium | 2018 | Impose sanctions | |
| Belize | 2018 | No data | |
| Benin | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Bhutan | 2018 | Impose sanctions | |
| Bolivia | 2019 | Other | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Botswana | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Brazil | 2019 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others |
|
| Bulgaria | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Burkina Faso | 2018 | Impose sanctions | |
| Burundi | 2021 | Refer for investigation | |
| Cabo Verde | 2018 | Impose sanctions Other |
|
| Cambodia | 2018 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Impose sanctions |
|
| Cameroon | 2019 | No data | |
| Canada | 2019 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others |
|
| Central African Republic | 2021 | No data | |
| Chad | 2021 | Refer for investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Chile | 2018 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others |
|
| Colombia | 2021 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Comoros | 2021 | Not applicable | |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of | 2018 | Impose sanctions | |
| Costa Rica | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Impose sanctions |
|
| Croatia | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Cyprus | 2018 | Carry out investigation | |
| Czechia | 2018 | Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Côte d'Ivoire | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Denmark | 2021 | Not applicable | |
| Djibouti | 2018 | No data | |
| Dominica | 2018 | Carry out investigation | |
| Dominican Republic | 2021 | Refer for investigation Impose sanctions |
|
| Ecuador | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Egypt | 2019 | Carry out investigation Impose sanctions |
|
| El Salvador | 2018 | Not applicable | |
| Equatorial Guinea | 2021 | No data | |
| Estonia | 2019 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Eswatini | 2018 | No data | |
| Ethiopia | 2019 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Fiji | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Finland | 2018 | Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| France | 2019 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Gabon | 2018 | No data | |
| Georgia | 2023 | Impose sanctions Carry out investigation Refer for investigation Request additional information from others Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Germany | 2019 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Ghana | 2018 | Request additional information from potential violator | |
| Greece | 2023 | Other Impose sanctions Carry out investigation Refer for investigation Request additional information from others Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Grenada | 2018 | Not applicable | |
| Guatemala | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Guinea | 2018 | No data | |
| Guinea-Bissau | 2018 | No data | |
| Guyana | 2018 | No data | |
| Haiti | 2018 | Impose sanctions | |
| Honduras | 2021 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Hungary | 2018 | Refer for investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others |
|
| Iceland | 2018 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| India | 2019 | Carry out investigation | |
| Indonesia | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | 2021 | Carry out investigation Impose sanctions Other |
|
| Iraq | 2019 | Carry out investigation | |
| Ireland | 2023 | Impose sanctions Carry out investigation Refer for investigation Request additional information from others Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Israel | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Italy | 2019 | Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions Other |
|
| Jamaica | 2018 | Carry out investigation Impose sanctions |
|
| Japan | 2018 | Carry out investigation | |
| Jordan | 2019 | No data | |
| Kazakhstan | 2018 | Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others |
|
| Kenya | 2023 | Impose sanctions Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Kiribati | 2018 | No data | |
| Korea, Republic of | 2023 | Carry out investigation Refer for investigation Request additional information from others Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Kosovo | 2023 | Impose sanctions Carry out investigation Refer for investigation Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Kyrgyzstan | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others |
|
| Latvia | 2023 | Impose sanctions Carry out investigation Request additional information from others Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Lebanon | 2019 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Other |
|
| Lesotho | 2021 | Carry out investigation Impose sanctions |
|
| Liberia | 2018 | Impose sanctions Other |
|
| Libya | 2021 | Carry out investigation | |
| Liechtenstein | 2021 | Refer for investigation | |
| Lithuania | 2023 | Other Impose sanctions Carry out investigation Refer for investigation Request additional information from others Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Luxembourg | 2018 | Request additional information from potential violator | |
| Madagascar | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Malawi | 2023 | Impose sanctions Carry out investigation |
|
| Malaysia | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others |
|
| Maldives | 2018 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Impose sanctions |
|
| Mali | 2018 | No data | |
| Malta | 2018 | Refer for investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Marshall Islands | 2018 | Not applicable | |
| Mauritania | 2018 | Impose sanctions Other |
|
| Mauritius | 2018 | Not applicable | |
| Mexico | 2019 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Micronesia, Federated States of | 2018 | Carry out investigation | |
| Moldova, Republic of | 2019 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions Other |
|
| Monaco | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others |
|
| Mongolia | 2023 | Impose sanctions Request additional information from others Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Montenegro | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Morocco | 2021 | Refer for investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Mozambique | 2018 | Refer for investigation Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Myanmar | 2018 | Carry out investigation Impose sanctions |
|
| Namibia | 2018 | No data | |
| Nauru | 2018 | Not applicable | |
| Nepal | 2018 | No data | |
| Netherlands | 2023 | Impose sanctions Carry out investigation Refer for investigation Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| New Zealand | 2023 | Carry out investigation Refer for investigation Request additional information from others Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Nicaragua | 2021 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Niger | 2018 | Carry out investigation Impose sanctions |
|
| Nigeria | 2023 | Other Impose sanctions Carry out investigation Refer for investigation Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| North Macedonia, Republic of | 2021 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Norway | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Pakistan | 2021 | Refer for investigation | |
| Palau | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Panama | 2023 | Impose sanctions Carry out investigation Refer for investigation Request additional information from others Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Papua New Guinea | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others |
|
| Paraguay | 2019 | Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Peru | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others |
|
| Philippines | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Poland | 2019 | Refer for investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others |
|
| Portugal | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions Other |
|
| Republic of The Congo (Brazzaville) | 2018 | No data | |
| Romania | 2018 | Refer for investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Russian Federation | 2018 | Refer for investigation Request additional information from others |
|
| Rwanda | 2019 | Impose sanctions | |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 2018 | Not applicable | |
| Saint Lucia | 2018 | No data | |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 2018 | Not applicable | |
| Samoa | 2021 | Not applicable | |
| San Marino | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Senegal | 2021 | Impose sanctions | |
| Serbia | 2023 | Impose sanctions Carry out investigation Refer for investigation Request additional information from others Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Seychelles | 2021 | Impose sanctions | |
| Sierra Leone | 2018 | Other | |
| Singapore | 2018 | Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Slovakia | 2023 | Impose sanctions Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Slovenia | 2018 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others |
|
| Solomon Islands | 2018 | Refer for investigation Impose sanctions |
|
| South Africa | 2021 | Refer for investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Spain | 2018 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Sri Lanka | 2018 | No data | |
| Sudan | 2018 | Not applicable | |
| Suriname | 2018 | Not applicable | |
| Sweden | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Switzerland | 2023 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from others Request additional information from potential violator |
|
| Syrian Arab Republic | 2018 | No data | |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | 2021 | No data | |
| Taiwan | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Tajikistan | 2018 | Impose sanctions | |
| Tanzania, United Republic of | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Thailand | 2018 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| The Gambia | 2018 | Not applicable | |
| Timor-Leste | 2018 | Carry out investigation | |
| Togo | 2018 | Carry out investigation Impose sanctions |
|
| Tonga | 2018 | Carry out investigation | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 2018 | Request additional information from potential violator | |
| Tunisia | 2023 | Impose sanctions Refer for investigation |
|
| Turkey | 2021 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Turkmenistan | 2018 | Not applicable | |
| Tuvalu | 2018 | No data | |
| Uganda | 2018 | Refer for investigation | |
| Ukraine | 2021 | Other | |
| United Kingdom | 2018 | Other | |
| United States | 2018 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Uruguay | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions Other |
|
| Uzbekistan | 2018 | Impose sanctions | |
| Vanuatu | 2018 | Other | |
| Venezuela | 2021 | Refer for investigation Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Request additional information from others Impose sanctions |
|
| Yemen | 2018 | Carry out investigation Request additional information from potential violator Impose sanctions |
|
| Zambia | 2018 | Impose sanctions | |
| Zimbabwe | 2018 | Not applicable |
Total number of countries in selected sample: 181
