Electoral Justice Database
First instance body dealing with electoral disputes
| Theme | Legislative |
|---|---|
| Description | First instance body or bodies to hear complaints, appeals and disputes about the results of legislative elections |
Breakdown by continent
| Continent | No data | Legislature | Not specified | Not applicable | Administrative Court | Election Tribunal/Court | Constitutional Court/Council | EMB (highest level) | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | EMB (lower level) | Other | Countries researched |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | 0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
1 (2.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
22 (44.9%) |
4 (8.2%) |
13 (26.5%) |
7 (14.3%) |
4 (8.2%) |
49 |
| Americas | 0 (0.0%) |
1 (2.9%) |
1 (2.9%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
3 (8.8%) |
0 (0.0%) |
6 (17.6%) |
11 (32.4%) |
8 (23.5%) |
5 (14.7%) |
34 |
| Asia | 0 (0.0%) |
1 (2.8%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
5 (13.9%) |
8 (22.2%) |
17 (47.2%) |
6 (16.7%) |
5 (13.9%) |
36 |
| Europe | 0 (0.0%) |
5 (11.6%) |
1 (2.3%) |
0 (0.0%) |
4 (9.3%) |
0 (0.0%) |
4 (9.3%) |
16 (37.2%) |
12 (27.9%) |
9 (20.9%) |
6 (14.0%) |
43 |
| Oceania | 0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
3 (20.0%) |
11 (73.3%) |
0 (0.0%) |
1 (6.7%) |
15 |
| Other | 0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 |
| Total | 0 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 31 | 37 | 64 | 30 | 21 | 177 |
Country Answers
| Country | Year | Value (Text) | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 2013 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Algeria | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Andorra | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Angola | 2013 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Anguilla | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Argentina | 2014 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Armenia | 2013 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Australia | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Austria | 2013 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Azerbaijan | 2014 | EMB (lower level) EMB (highest level) |
|
| Bahamas | 2014 | Election Tribunal/Court | |
| Bahrain | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Bangladesh | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Barbados | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Belarus | 2014 | EMB (lower level) EMB (highest level) Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) |
|
| Belgium | 2014 | Legislature | |
| Belize | 2014 | The Chief Justice or a judge of the Supreme Court nominated by the Chief Justice for the purpose | |
| Benin | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Bermuda | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Bhutan | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Bolivia | 2014 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2013 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Botswana | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Brazil | 2014 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Bulgaria | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Burkina Faso | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Burundi | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Cambodia | 2014 | EMB (lower level) EMB (highest level) Constitutional Court/Council |
|
| Cameroon | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Canada | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Cayman Islands | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Central African Republic | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Chad | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Chile | 2014 | Election Tribunal/Court | |
| Colombia | 2015 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Comoros | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Cook Islands | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Costa Rica | 2014 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Croatia | 2013 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Cuba | 2014 | Not specified | |
| Czechia | 2014 | Administrative Court | |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Denmark | 2014 | Legislature | |
| Djibouti | 2014 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Dominica | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Dominican Republic | 2014 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Ecuador | 2014 | Election Tribunal/Court | |
| Egypt | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| El Salvador | 2014 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Eritrea | 2013 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Estonia | 2013 | EMB (lower level) EMB (highest level) |
|
| Eswatini | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Ethiopia | 2013 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Finland | 2013 | Administrative Court | |
| France | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Gabon | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Georgia | 2014 | EMB (lower level) EMB (highest level) Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) |
|
| Germany | 2014 | Legislature | |
| Gibraltar | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Greece | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Greenland | 2014 | EMB (lower level) EMB (highest level) |
|
| Guatemala | 2014 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Guinea | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Guinea-Bissau | 2013 | EMB (lower level) EMB (highest level) |
|
| Guyana | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Honduras | 2014 | Election Tribunal/Court | |
| Hungary | 2014 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Iceland | 2014 | Legislature | |
| India | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Indonesia | 2014 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | 2014 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Iraq | 2014 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Ireland | 2013 | EMB (lower level) Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) |
|
| Israel | 2014 | Legislature | |
| Italy | 2014 | Legislature | |
| Jamaica | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Jordan | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Kazakhstan | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Kenya | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Kiribati | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Korea, Republic of | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Kosovo | 2014 | Elections Complaints and Appeals Panel (ECAP) | |
| Kyrgyzstan | 2013 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Lao People's Dem. Republic | 2014 | Legislation does not provide for EDR process for challenges related to election results | |
| Latvia | 2013 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Lebanon | 2014 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Lesotho | 2013 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Liberia | 2014 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Libya | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Liechtenstein | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Lithuania | 2017 | EMB (lower level) EMB (highest level) Administrative Court |
|
| Luxembourg | 2013 | Administrative Tribunal | |
| Madagascar | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Malawi | 2013 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Malaysia | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Mali | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Malta | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Marshall Islands | 2014 | Chief Electoral Officer | |
| Mauritius | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Mexico | 2015 | Election Tribunal/Court | |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | 2013 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Moldova, Republic of | 2013 | EMB (lower level) EMB (highest level) |
|
| Monaco | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Mongolia | 2013 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Montenegro | 2014 | EMB (lower level) EMB (highest level) |
|
| Montserrat | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Morocco | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Mozambique | 2015 | Administrative Court Constitutional Court/Council |
|
| Myanmar | 2014 | Election Tribunal/Court | |
| Namibia | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Nauru | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Nepal | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| New Zealand | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Nicaragua | 2014 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Niger | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Nigeria | 2014 | Election Tribunal/Court | |
| Niue | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| North Macedonia, Republic of | 2013 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Norway | 2013 | National Election Committee (Riksvalgstyret) | |
| Oman | 2013 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Pakistan | 2014 | Election Tribunal/Court | |
| Palau | 2013 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Panama | 2015 | Election Tribunal/Court | |
| Papua New Guinea | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Paraguay | 2014 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Peru | 2015 | Election Tribunal/Court | |
| Poland | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Portugal | 2013 | President of the polling station or polling section | |
| Qatar | 2014 | Country in transition. | |
| Republic of The Congo (Brazzaville) | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Romania | 2013 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Russian Federation | 2013 | EMB (lower level) EMB (highest level) Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) |
|
| Rwanda | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Samoa | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Senegal | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Serbia | 2013 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Seychelles | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Sierra Leone | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Singapore | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Slovakia | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Slovenia | 2013 | Not specified | |
| Solomon Islands | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Somalia | 2014 | Country in transition. | |
| South Africa | 2013 | EMB (lower level) | |
| South Sudan | 2013 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Spain | 2014 | EMB (highest level) Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) Administrative Court |
|
| Sri Lanka | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| State of Palestine | 2013 | Election Tribunal/Court | |
| Sudan | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Sweden | 2013 | Election Review Board (Valprövningsnämnden) | |
| Switzerland | 2013 | Cantonal government | |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Tajikistan | 2015 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Tanzania, United Republic of | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Thailand | 2014 | EMB (highest level) Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) |
|
| The Gambia | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Timor-Leste | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Togo | 2013 | Constitutional Court/Council | |
| Tonga | 2014 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Tunisia | 2014 | Administrative Court | |
| Turkmenistan | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Tuvalu | 2014 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Uganda | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Ukraine | 2013 | EMB (lower level) EMB (highest level) Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) |
|
| United Kingdom | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| United States | 2014 | Legislature | |
| Uruguay | 2014 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Uzbekistan | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Vanuatu | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Venezuela | 2014 | EMB (highest level) | |
| Viet Nam | 2014 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Yemen | 2013 | Court of general jurisdiction (including Supreme Court) | |
| Zambia | 2013 | EMB (lower level) | |
| Zimbabwe | 2013 | Multiparty liaison committees |
Total number of countries in selected sample: 177
