Electoral System Design Database

Electoral system family

Theme Electoral System Design Database
Description Electoral systems are divided into three broad families: plurality/majority systems, proportional systems (PR), and mixed systems. However, some electoral systems do not fit into any particular family. These are SNTV, LV, and BC.

Breakdown by continent

Continent Plurality/Majority PR In transition Not applicable Mixed Other No data Countries researched
Africa 24
(45.3%)
15
(28.3%)
1
(1.9%)
2
(3.8%)
9
(17.0%)
2
(3.8%)
0
(0.0%)
53
Americas 19
(47.5%)
18
(45.0%)
0
(0.0%)
0
(0.0%)
3
(7.5%)
0
(0.0%)
0
(0.0%)
40
Asia 20
(42.6%)
9
(19.1%)
0
(0.0%)
4
(8.5%)
12
(25.5%)
2
(4.3%)
0
(0.0%)
47
Europe 4
(8.9%)
33
(73.3%)
0
(0.0%)
0
(0.0%)
7
(15.6%)
1
(2.2%)
0
(0.0%)
45
Oceania 12
(75.0%)
1
(6.3%)
0
(0.0%)
0
(0.0%)
1
(6.3%)
2
(12.5%)
0
(0.0%)
16
Total 79 76 1 6 32 7 0 201

Country Answers

Country Year Value (Text) Details
Afghanistan 2018 Other
Albania 2021 PR
Algeria 2021 PR
Andorra 2023 Mixed
Angola 2022 PR
Anguilla 2020 Plurality/Majority
Antigua and Barbuda 2023 Plurality/Majority
Argentina 2023 PR
Armenia 2021 PR
Aruba 2021 PR
Australia 2022 Plurality/Majority
Austria 2019 PR
Azerbaijan 2020 Plurality/Majority
Bahamas 2021 Plurality/Majority
Bahrain 2022 Plurality/Majority
Bangladesh 2024 Plurality/Majority
Barbados 2022 Plurality/Majority
Belarus 2019 Plurality/Majority
Belgium 2019 PR
Belize 2020 Plurality/Majority
Benin 2023 PR
Bermuda 2020 Plurality/Majority
Bhutan 2023 Plurality/Majority
Bolivia 2020 Mixed
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2022 PR
Botswana 2019 Plurality/Majority
Brazil 2022 PR
Brunei Darussalam 2017 Not applicable
Bulgaria 2023 PR
Burkina Faso 2020 PR
Burundi 2020 PR
Cabo Verde 2021 PR
Cambodia 2023 PR
Cameroon 2020 Plurality/Majority
Canada 2021 Plurality/Majority
Cayman Islands 2021 Plurality/Majority
Central African Republic 2020 Plurality/Majority
Chad 1997 Plurality/Majority
Chile 2021 PR
China 2017 Not applicable
Colombia 2022 PR
Comoros 2020 Plurality/Majority
Congo, Democratic Republic of 2023 Other
Cook Islands 2022 Plurality/Majority
Costa Rica 2022 PR
Croatia 2020 PR
Cuba 2023 Plurality/Majority
Cyprus 2021 PR
Cyprus (North) 2022 PR
Czechia 2021 PR
Côte d'Ivoire 2021 Plurality/Majority
Denmark 2022 PR
Djibouti 2023 Mixed
Dominica 2022 Plurality/Majority
Dominican Republic 2020 PR
Ecuador 2021 PR
Egypt 2020 Plurality/Majority
El Salvador 2024 PR
Equatorial Guinea 2022 PR
Eritrea 2017 Not applicable
Estonia 2023 PR
Eswatini 2023 Plurality/Majority
Ethiopia 2021 Plurality/Majority
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 2021 Plurality/Majority
Fiji 2022 PR
Finland 2023 PR
France 2022 Plurality/Majority
Gabon 2023 Plurality/Majority
Georgia 2020 Mixed
Germany 2021 Mixed
Ghana 2020 Plurality/Majority
Gibraltar 2023 Other
Greece 2023 PR
Greenland 2021 PR
Grenada 2022 Plurality/Majority
Guatemala 2023 PR
Guernsey 2020 Plurality/Majority
Guinea 2020 Mixed
Guinea-Bissau 2023 PR
Guyana 2020 PR
Haiti 2021 Plurality/Majority
Holy See (Vatican City State) 2017 Not applicable
Honduras 2021 PR
Hungary 2022 Mixed
Iceland 2021 PR
India 2019 Plurality/Majority
Indonesia 2019 PR
Iran, Islamic Republic of 2020 Plurality/Majority
Iraq 2021 Plurality/Majority
Ireland 2020 PR
Isle of Man 2021 Plurality/Majority
Israel 2022 PR
Italy 2022 Mixed
Jamaica 2020 Plurality/Majority
Japan 2021 Mixed
Jersey 2022 Plurality/Majority
Jordan 2020 PR
Kazakhstan 2023 Mixed
Kenya 2022 Plurality/Majority
Kiribati 2020 Plurality/Majority
Korea, Dem. People's Republic of 2005 Plurality/Majority
Korea, Republic of 2020 Mixed
Kosovo 2021 PR
Kuwait 2023 Other
Kyrgyzstan 2021 Mixed
Lao People's Dem. Republic 2021 Plurality/Majority
Latvia 2022 PR
Lebanon 2022 PR
Lesotho 2022 Mixed
Liberia 2023 Plurality/Majority
Libya 2012 Mixed
Liechtenstein 2021 PR
Lithuania 2020 Mixed
Luxembourg 2023 PR
Madagascar 2019 Other
Malawi 2019 Plurality/Majority
Malaysia 2022 Plurality/Majority
Maldives 2019 Plurality/Majority
Mali 2020 Plurality/Majority
Malta 2022 PR
Marshall Islands 2023 Plurality/Majority
Mauritania 2023 Mixed
Mauritius 2019 Plurality/Majority
Mexico 2021 Mixed
Micronesia, Federated States of 2023 Plurality/Majority
Moldova, Republic of 2021 PR
Monaco 2023 Mixed
Mongolia 2020 Plurality/Majority
Montenegro 2023 PR
Montserrat 2019 Plurality/Majority
Morocco 2021 PR
Mozambique 2019 PR
Myanmar 2020 Plurality/Majority
Namibia 2019 PR
Nauru 2022 Other
Nepal 2022 Mixed
Netherlands 2023 PR
Netherlands Antilles 1998 PR
New Zealand 2023 Mixed
Nicaragua 2021 PR
Niger 2020 PR
Nigeria 2023 Plurality/Majority
Niue 2023 Plurality/Majority
North Macedonia, Republic of 2020 PR
Norway 2021 PR
Oman 2023 Plurality/Majority
Pakistan 2024 Mixed
Palau 2020 Plurality/Majority
Panama 2019 PR
Papua New Guinea 2022 Plurality/Majority
Paraguay 2023 PR
Peru 2021 PR
Philippines 2022 Mixed
Pitcairn Islands 2005 Other
Poland 2023 PR
Portugal 2022 PR
Qatar 2021 Plurality/Majority
Republic of The Congo (Brazzaville) 2022 Plurality/Majority
Romania 2020 PR
Russian Federation 2021 Mixed
Rwanda 2018 PR
Saint Helena 2021 Plurality/Majority
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2022 Plurality/Majority
Saint Lucia 2021 Plurality/Majority
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2020 Plurality/Majority
Samoa 2021 Plurality/Majority
San Marino 2019 PR
Saudi Arabia 2021 Not applicable
Senegal 2022 Mixed
Serbia 2023 PR
Seychelles 2020 Mixed
Sierra Leone 2018 Plurality/Majority
Singapore 2020 Plurality/Majority
Slovakia 2023 PR
Slovenia 2022 PR
Solomon Islands 2019 Plurality/Majority
Somalia 2022 Not applicable
South Africa 2019 PR
South Sudan 2016 In transition
Spain 2023 PR
Sri Lanka 2020 PR
State of Palestine 1996 Plurality/Majority
Sudan 1996 Plurality/Majority
Suriname 2020 PR
Sweden 2022 PR
Switzerland 2023 PR
Syrian Arab Republic 2020 Plurality/Majority
São Tomé and Príncipe 2022 PR
Taiwan 2024 Mixed
Tajikistan 2020 Mixed
Tanzania, United Republic of 2020 Plurality/Majority
Thailand 2023 Mixed
The Gambia 2022 Plurality/Majority
Timor-Leste 2023 PR
Togo 2018 PR
Tokelau 2023 Plurality/Majority
Tonga 2021 Plurality/Majority
Trinidad and Tobago 2020 Plurality/Majority
Tunisia 2022 Plurality/Majority
Turkey 2023 PR
Turkmenistan 2023 Plurality/Majority
Turks and Caicos Islands 2021 Plurality/Majority
Tuvalu 2024 Plurality/Majority
Uganda 2021 Plurality/Majority
Ukraine 2019 Mixed
United Arab Emirates 2023 Not applicable
United Kingdom 2019 Plurality/Majority
United States 2022 Plurality/Majority
Uruguay 2019 PR
Uzbekistan 2019 Plurality/Majority
Vanuatu 2022 Other
Venezuela 2020 Mixed
Viet Nam 2021 Plurality/Majority
Virgin Islands, British 2023 Plurality/Majority
Yemen 1993 Plurality/Majority
Zambia 2021 Plurality/Majority
Zimbabwe 2023 Mixed
Total number of countries in selected sample: 217
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