Electoral System Design Database
Electoral system family
| Theme | Electoral System Design Database |
|---|---|
| Description | Electoral systems are divided into three broad families: plurality/majority systems, proportional systems (PR), and mixed systems. However, some electoral systems do not fit into any particular family. These are SNTV, LV, and BC. |
Breakdown by continent
| Continent | Plurality/Majority | PR | In transition | Not applicable | Mixed | Other | No data | Countries researched |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | 24 (44.4%) |
16 (29.6%) |
1 (1.9%) |
2 (3.7%) |
9 (16.7%) |
2 (3.7%) |
0 (0.0%) |
54 |
| Americas | 20 (47.6%) |
18 (42.9%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
4 (9.5%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
42 |
| Asia | 21 (43.8%) |
9 (18.8%) |
0 (0.0%) |
4 (8.3%) |
12 (25.0%) |
2 (4.2%) |
0 (0.0%) |
48 |
| Europe | 4 (8.3%) |
35 (72.9%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
8 (16.7%) |
1 (2.1%) |
0 (0.0%) |
48 |
| Oceania | 12 (75.0%) |
1 (6.3%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
1 (6.3%) |
2 (12.5%) |
0 (0.0%) |
16 |
| Other | 6 (66.7%) |
1 (11.1%) |
0 (0.0%) |
1 (11.1%) |
0 (0.0%) |
1 (11.1%) |
0 (0.0%) |
9 |
| Total | 87 | 80 | 1 | 7 | 34 | 8 | 0 | 217 |
Country Answers
| Country | Year | Value (Text) | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 2018 | Other | |
| Albania | 2025 | PR | |
| Algeria | 2021 | PR | |
| Andorra | 2023 | Mixed | |
| Angola | 2022 | PR | |
| Anguilla | 2025 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 2023 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Argentina | 2023 | PR | |
| Armenia | 2021 | PR | |
| Aruba | 2021 | PR | |
| Australia | 2025 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Austria | 2024 | PR | |
| Azerbaijan | 2024 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Bahamas | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Bahrain | 2022 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Bangladesh | 2024 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Barbados | 2022 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Belarus | 2024 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Belgium | 2024 | PR | |
| Belize | 2025 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Benin | 2023 | PR | |
| Bermuda | 2025 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Bhutan | 2023 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Bolivia | 2020 | Mixed | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2022 | PR | |
| Botswana | 2024 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Brazil | 2022 | PR | |
| Brunei Darussalam | 2017 | Not applicable | |
| Bulgaria | 2023 | PR | |
| Burkina Faso | 2020 | PR | |
| Burundi | 2020 | PR | |
| Cabo Verde | 2021 | PR | |
| Cambodia | 2023 | PR | |
| Cameroon | 2020 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Canada | 2025 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Cayman Islands | 2025 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Central African Republic | 2020 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Chad | 1997 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Chile | 2021 | PR | |
| China | 2017 | Not applicable | |
| Colombia | 2022 | PR | |
| Comoros | 2025 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of | 2023 | Other | |
| Cook Islands | 2022 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Costa Rica | 2022 | PR | |
| Croatia | 2024 | PR | |
| Cuba | 2023 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Cyprus | 2021 | PR | |
| Cyprus (North) | 2022 | PR | |
| Czechia | 2021 | PR | |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Denmark | 2022 | PR | |
| Djibouti | 2023 | Mixed | |
| Dominica | 2022 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Dominican Republic | 2020 | PR | |
| Ecuador | 2025 | PR | |
| Egypt | 2020 | Plurality/Majority | |
| El Salvador | 2024 | PR | |
| Equatorial Guinea | 2022 | PR | |
| Eritrea | 2017 | Not applicable | |
| Estonia | 2023 | PR | |
| Eswatini | 2023 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Ethiopia | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Fiji | 2022 | PR | |
| Finland | 2023 | PR | |
| France | 2022 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Gabon | 2023 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Georgia | 2024 | PR | |
| Germany | 2025 | Mixed | |
| Ghana | 2025 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Gibraltar | 2023 | Other | |
| Greece | 2023 | PR | |
| Greenland | 2025 | PR | |
| Grenada | 2022 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Guatemala | 2023 | PR | |
| Guernsey | 2020 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Guinea | 2020 | Mixed | |
| Guinea-Bissau | 2023 | PR | |
| Guyana | 2020 | PR | |
| Haiti | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Holy See (Vatican City State) | 2017 | Not applicable | |
| Honduras | 2021 | PR | |
| Hungary | 2025 | Mixed | |
| Iceland | 2021 | PR | |
| India | 2024 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Indonesia | 2024 | PR | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | 2024 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Iraq | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Ireland | 2025 | PR | |
| Isle of Man | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Israel | 2022 | PR | |
| Italy | 2022 | Mixed | |
| Jamaica | 2020 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Japan | 2021 | Mixed | |
| Jersey | 2022 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Jordan | 2024 | Mixed | |
| Kazakhstan | 2023 | Mixed | |
| Kenya | 2022 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Kiribati | 2020 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Korea, Dem. People's Republic of | 2005 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Korea, Republic of | 2024 | Mixed | |
| Kosovo | 2025 | PR | |
| Kuwait | 2024 | Other | |
| Kyrgyzstan | 2021 | Mixed | |
| Lao People's Dem. Republic | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Latvia | 2022 | PR | |
| Lebanon | 2022 | PR | |
| Lesotho | 2022 | Mixed | |
| Liberia | 2023 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Libya | 2012 | Mixed | |
| Liechtenstein | 2025 | PR | |
| Lithuania | 2024 | Mixed | |
| Luxembourg | 2023 | PR | |
| Madagascar | 2024 | Other | |
| Malawi | 2019 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Malaysia | 2022 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Maldives | 2024 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Mali | 2020 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Malta | 2022 | PR | |
| Marshall Islands | 2023 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Mauritania | 2023 | Mixed | |
| Mauritius | 2025 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Mexico | 2021 | Mixed | |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | 2025 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Moldova, Republic of | 2025 | PR | |
| Monaco | 2023 | Mixed | |
| Mongolia | 2025 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Montenegro | 2023 | PR | |
| Montserrat | 2019 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Morocco | 2021 | PR | |
| Mozambique | 2019 | PR | |
| Myanmar | 2020 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Namibia | 2025 | PR | |
| Nauru | 2022 | Other | |
| Nepal | 2022 | Mixed | |
| Netherlands | 2023 | PR | |
| Netherlands Antilles | 1998 | PR | |
| New Zealand | 2023 | Mixed | |
| Nicaragua | 2021 | PR | |
| Niger | 2020 | PR | |
| Nigeria | 2023 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Niue | 2023 | Plurality/Majority | |
| North Macedonia, Republic of | 2024 | PR | |
| Norway | 2021 | PR | |
| Oman | 2023 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Pakistan | 2024 | Mixed | |
| Palau | 2020 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Panama | 2024 | Mixed | |
| Papua New Guinea | 2022 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Paraguay | 2023 | PR | |
| Peru | 2021 | PR | |
| Philippines | 2025 | Mixed | |
| Pitcairn Islands | 2005 | Other | |
| Poland | 2023 | PR | |
| Portugal | 2024 | PR | |
| Qatar | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Republic of The Congo (Brazzaville) | 2022 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Romania | 2025 | PR | |
| Russian Federation | 2024 | Mixed | |
| Rwanda | 2018 | PR | |
| Saint Helena | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 2022 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Saint Lucia | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 2020 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Samoa | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| San Marino | 2019 | PR | |
| Saudi Arabia | 2021 | Not applicable | |
| Senegal | 2022 | Mixed | |
| Serbia | 2023 | PR | |
| Seychelles | 2020 | Mixed | |
| Sierra Leone | 2018 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Singapore | 2025 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Slovakia | 2023 | PR | |
| Slovenia | 2022 | PR | |
| Solomon Islands | 2024 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Somalia | 2022 | Not applicable | |
| South Africa | 2019 | PR | |
| South Sudan | 2016 | In transition | |
| Spain | 2023 | PR | |
| Sri Lanka | 2020 | PR | |
| State of Palestine | 1996 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Sudan | 1996 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Suriname | 2025 | PR | |
| Sweden | 2022 | PR | |
| Switzerland | 2023 | PR | |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 2020 | Plurality/Majority | |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | 2022 | PR | |
| Taiwan | 2024 | Mixed | |
| Tajikistan | 2020 | Mixed | |
| Tanzania, United Republic of | 2020 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Thailand | 2023 | Mixed | |
| The Gambia | 2022 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Timor-Leste | 2023 | PR | |
| Togo | 2025 | PR | |
| Tokelau | 2023 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Tonga | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 2025 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Tunisia | 2024 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Turkey | 2023 | PR | |
| Turkmenistan | 2023 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Tuvalu | 2024 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Uganda | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Ukraine | 2019 | Mixed | |
| United Arab Emirates | 2023 | Not applicable | |
| United Kingdom | 2019 | Plurality/Majority | |
| United States | 2024 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Uruguay | 2024 | PR | |
| Uzbekistan | 2024 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Vanuatu | 2025 | Other | |
| Venezuela | 2020 | Mixed | |
| Viet Nam | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Virgin Islands, British | 2023 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Yemen | 1993 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Zambia | 2021 | Plurality/Majority | |
| Zimbabwe | 2023 | Mixed |
Total number of countries in selected sample: 217
