Online voting is no longer just an experiment—it is reshaping how elections are run around the world. From boosting accessibility for voters abroad to tackling longstanding concerns about accuracy and fraud, its promise is clear. Yet experiences so far show that success depends on far more than technology. Legal frameworks, institutional capacity, timing and voter trust have all made the difference between innovation and failure.

This report takes stock of the global journey of online voting up to 2025, drawing lessons from democracies, new adopters and even authoritarian regimes. It highlights the opportunities and risks of this evolving practice and points to the conditions needed for credible and trustworthy implementation. A must-read for election officials, policymakers and anyone interested in the future of voting.