Electoral Risks: Guide on External Risk Factors
The organization of elections is a complex undertaking for any society. It requires the broadest social mobilization and implementation of various electoral activities, while complying with strict procedures and deadlines. Therefore, many things can—and often do—go wrong due to deficient laws, logistical hurdles, technical and human errors, or unethical actions taken by key electoral actors, to mention a few. When risks materialize, they can generate stresses, shocks or crises that can undermine the integrity of the electoral process.
The Guide outlines key context-related (exogenous or external) risk factors that can undermine electoral integrity, either as a cause or contributing cause. When these risks factors materialize, they can generate stresses, shocks or crises in the electoral process. Combined with the partner Guide on internal (process) risk factors, it provides a more complete overview of electoral integrity risk factors.
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About this Guide
Risk factors related to the Global State of Democracy democratic model
1. Limited Suffrage
2. Restricted Political Parties
3. Unelected Government
4. Ineffective Parliament
5. Limited Local Democracy
6. Limited Access to Justice
7. Limited Civil Liberties
8. Lack of Political Equality
9. Lack of Judicial Independence
10. Unpredictable Enforcement
11. Corruption
12. Constrained Civil Society and Civic Engagement
Risk factors that fall outside of the Global State of Democracy model
13. Environmental Hazards
14. Presence of Problematic Online Actors
15. Violent Contexts (Variety of Violence)
16. Gender-based Discrimination and Violence
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