Bolivia held elections on 17 August 2025, followed by the 2nd round on 19 October 2025. The aim of the elections was to elect the president, vice-president and members of the legislature (International IDEA n.d.).

Ecuador held the first round of its presidential election, as well as its legislative election on 9 February 2025. 

On 16 November 2025, Chilean citizens went to the polls to vote in the first round of the general elections. During this election, the presidential seat, all 155 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house, as well as 23 of the 50 seats in the Senate, the upper house, were contested. Since none of the presidential candidates received more than 50% of the votes in the first round, the second round of the presidential elections was held on 14 December 2025. Both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate are elected through a list proportional electoral system.

On 25 October 2025, Cote D’Ivoire held a presidential election to elect the head of state for a five-year term. According to official provisional results, incumbent President Alassane Ouattara secured a fourth term by receiving about 89.8 per cent of the vote (Chibelushi and Naadi 2025).

On 26 October 2025 Argentina held legislative elections to its bicameral National Congress, renewing half of the Chamber of Deputies (127 of 257 seats) and a third of the Senate (24 of 72 seats). Members are elected via proportional representation closed party-list. The elections are overseen by the Electoral Justice (Justicia Nacional Electoral), led by the National Electoral Chamber (Cámara Nacional Electoral)—the country’s highest electoral authority—and supported by 24 federal electoral courts.

On 30 November 2025, Honduras held general elections to choose the President and three vice-presidents as well as all 128 members of the National Congress and local officials. Additionally, 20 members of the Central American Parliament were elected indirectly. The President along with three running mates as vice-presidents are elected in one round by simple majority of votes.

Canada held an early federal parliamentary election on 28 April 2025 to elect members of the House of Commons.

The Federal Republic of Germany held parliamentary elections on 23 February 2025. Chancellor Olaf Scholz had lost a confidence vote on 16 December 2024, and the President Frank-Walter Steinmeier dissolved the parliament on 27 December. 

Australia held federal elections on 3 May 2025 for both chambers of parliament, the Senate (76 seats) and the House of Representatives (150 seats). Australia uses a preferential voting system and has federal elections every three years (AI Australia n.d.). Candidates for the lower house must win an absolute majority, if necessary, by successively reallocating second preference votes.

Poland held its 2025 presidential election in two rounds, on 12 May and 1 June 2025, under a two-round majoritarian system. If no candidate surpasses 50 per cent in the first round, a runoff is held between the top two contenders.