Safeguarding electoral operations in the face of El Niño 

Floods and landslides 

Comoros held first round parliamentary elections on 12 January 2025 with a second round on 16 February Renewed every five years, the Parliament of Comoros consists of two chambers: the Assembly of the Union (33 members), elected through direct popular vote; and the Assembly of each island, with some seats allocated through a majority system and others through proportional representation. 

Bolivia held elections on 17 August 2025, followed by the 2nd round on 19 October 2025. The aim of the elections was to elect the president, vice-president and members of the legislature (International IDEA n.d.).

Ecuador held the first round of its presidential election, as well as its legislative election on 9 February 2025. 

Malawi’s general elections, held on 16 September 2025, determined the presidency, 229 seats in the National Assembly and 509 local councilors. There were 17 presidential candidates with two leading contenders—Incumbent President Lazarus Chakwera of the Malawi Congress Party (MCP) and his immediate predecessor former President Peter Mutharika of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) (Jegwa and Chibelushi 2025).

On 1 December 2025, Saint Lucia held snap elections to elect all 17 members of the House of Assembly, following an announcement by Prime Minister Phillip J. Pierre on November 9, 2025. Saint Lucia has a bicameral House of Parliament comprised of the House of Assembly and the Senate. The House of Assembly members are elected for 5-year terms via a first-past-the-post system from single-seat constituencies.

On 16 November 2025, Chilean citizens went to the polls to vote in the first round of the general elections. During this election, the presidential seat, all 155 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house, as well as 23 of the 50 seats in the Senate, the upper house, were contested. Since none of the presidential candidates received more than 50% of the votes in the first round, the second round of the presidential elections was held on 14 December 2025. Both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate are elected through a list proportional electoral system.

On 26 February 2025, Anguilla held its two-day general election across Tuesday and Wednesday to elect 11-members of the 13-member House of Assembly (Times Caribbean Online, 2025). The day one 25 February was for senior citizens, emergency and other services, with the rest of the voters casting their votes the next day 26 February 2025 

On 9 February 2025, Liechtenstein held its general elections to elect all 25 members of the Landtag (Parliament). Elections are conducted using an open-list proportional representation system across two constituencies: The Oberland region (15 seats) and the Unterland region (10 seats). Voters can influence individual candidate order by striking out names or adding candidates from other lists. Candidates require at least eight per cent of the vote to win a seat.