On 29 August 2025, Samoa held a snap general election following the failure to pass budget legislation in May of the same year (RNZ Pacific 2025; Reuters 2025).

On 25 to 27 September 2025, the Seychelles held general elections to elect both the president and all members of the National Assembly for a five-year term. 

The General Election in the Kingdom of Tonga was held 20 November 2025. The election was conducted under constitutional electoral statutes that govern the Fale Alea (Legislative Assembly – the Parliament of Tonga) elections. Tonga is a constitutional monarchy with two levels of government, local and national(CLGF, 2017). The cabinet is responsible for overall administration of government at both levels.

On 25 October 2025, Cote D’Ivoire held a presidential election to elect the head of state for a five-year term. According to official provisional results, incumbent President Alassane Ouattara secured a fourth term by receiving about 89.8 per cent of the vote (Chibelushi and Naadi 2025).

In late January 2026, Japan was hit by heavy snowfall and cold temperatures, resulting in nearly 300 recorded injuries and the deaths of 30 people between 20 January and 3 February. Most of these were due to snow-related accidents, including while people were trying to remove snow from around their homes. While Japan is accustomed to heavy snowfall, this winter’s conditions were particularly severe. In the city of Aomori, accumulated snowfall reached the highest level recorded since 1986, and snow depth of more than double the seasonal average at about 175 cm.

In the weeks leading up to the 2026 election, Portugal was hit by a series of deadly storms that raged across the Iberian Peninsula, including Storm Leonardo, which hit just a couple of days before election day. The storms brought heavy rain, strong winds and rising river levels, causing the destruction of homes, businesses and equipment, fallen trees and structures, landslides, road closures, the closing of schools and transport services, and power and water cutoffs.

A general election in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was held on 27 November 2025 to renew the 15 directly elected members of the House of Assembly (the House also includes a Speaker and six senators appointed on nomination by government and opposition) (IPU 2025). The country is a parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy, with executive authority vested in a Prime Minister and Cabinet drawn from the legislature.

On 26 October 2025 Argentina held legislative elections to its bicameral National Congress, renewing half of the Chamber of Deputies (127 of 257 seats) and a third of the Senate (24 of 72 seats). Members are elected via proportional representation closed party-list. The elections are overseen by the Electoral Justice (Justicia Nacional Electoral), led by the National Electoral Chamber (Cámara Nacional Electoral)—the country’s highest electoral authority—and supported by 24 federal electoral courts.

On 30 November 2025, Honduras held general elections to choose the President and three vice-presidents as well as all 128 members of the National Congress and local officials. Additionally, 20 members of the Central American Parliament were elected indirectly. The President along with three running mates as vice-presidents are elected in one round by simple majority of votes.

Trinidad and Tobago held its federal parliamentary election on 28 April 2025, to elect all 42 members of the House of Representative for a five-year term (IFES 2025). The election was conducted by the Elections and Boundaries Commission (EBC) following the issuance of writs by President Christine Kangaloo on 18 March 2025.