India held its election through a seven-phase process which ran from 19 April 2024 to 1 June 2024. India has a bicameral legislature, and members of the lower house (the Lok Sabha) are directly elected through a first-past-the-post system (IFES 2024).
Following the resignation of Prime Minister Antonio Costa in November 2023, President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa dissolved Parliament and announced snap legislative elections to be held on 10 March 2024 (Hernández-Morales 2023).
On 14 February 2024, Indonesia held elections to vote for the president, vice president, and parliamentary and local representatives. The president is elected via two-round voting system and the legislature through party-list proportional representation (International IDEA 2024a).
On 8 February 2024, Pakistan held general elections after the regularly scheduled five-year term of the previous National Assembly. In Pakistan, voters elect one federal legislator and one provincial legislator. There are 336 seats in the National Assembly, with 60 reserved for women and 10 reserved for non-Muslims, and 749 Provincial Assembly seats, with the election following a first-past-the-post system.
El Salvador held general elections on 4 February 2024 to elect the president, vice-president and legislative assembly. As both head of state and head of government, the president is elected for a single 5-year term, with the vice-president on the same ballot paper (Country Reports 2024).
Slovakia is a parliamentary republic. The prime minister heads the government and the largely ceremonial president oversees foreign policy, holding a technical power of veto over new legislation, and making some official appointments (Freedom House 2024).
Tuvalu held elections for its unicameral parliament, the Tuvaluan House of Assembly (Fale I Fono), on 26 January 2024. The 16 members of the House are elected by plurality vote in multi-member constituencies to four-year terms. There are no political parties in Tuvalu; all candidates run as independents. The Prime Minister is elected by the members of parliament (IFES 2024).
On 13 January 2024, Taiwan held the regularly scheduled presidential and legislative elections following the two-term rule of the previous president. In Taiwan, the president is directly elected by a majority vote for a four-year term with a maximum of two terms.
Bhutan held its fourth National Assembly (ཚོགས་འདུ་ / Tshogdu) election on 30 November 2023 (first round) and 9 January 2024 (second round). The National Assembly is the first chamber of Bhutan’s bicameral parliament, and its 47 members are directly elected by plurality vote in single-seat constituencies (Demkhongs).
Bangladesh held general parliamentary elections on 7 January 2024. Bangladesh has a single parliamentary chamber known as the Jatiya Sangsad (Sengupta 2024) with 350 seats. 300 of the 350 Members of Parliament are elected via a first-past-the-post system (International IDEA n.d.). The remaining 50 seats are reserved for women and allotted to parties based on the proportion of seats they hold in parliament.
