On 3 September 2025, Jamaica held a general election to elect all 63 members of the lower chamber, the House of Representatives. The elections are conducted using a first-past-the-post electoral system and the elected members serve a five-year term (IPU n.d.).

After the collapse of the previous right-wing government, the Netherlands held snap elections on 29 October 2025 (FGS Global 2025). The Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy with the government having executive power and the bicameral parliament holding legislative authority.

On 3–4 October 2025, Czechs went to the polls to vote in parliamentary elections. All 200 seats in the Chamber of Deputies were contested. The elections were conducted using a list proportional system with votes converted into seats according to the Imperiali quota, which is calculated by dividing the total number of votes by the number of seats plus two (Chamber of Deputies n.d.).

After a period of deep political polarization, especially regarding EU integration versus Russian influence, Moldova held parliamentary elections on 28 September 2025 (PACE 2025).