Political Finance Database

Ethiopia

Ethiopia

Bans and limits on private income
Public funding
Regulations of spending
Reporting, oversight and sanctions
Question Value
1. Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to political parties?
Code
Yes
Source

"Every political party is prohibited to accept donation or grant from the following persons or bodies:
a) foreign nationals;
b) foreign government or foreign political party;"

(Article 52 (1), the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

2. Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to candidates?
Code
No
3. Is there a ban on corporate donations to political parties?
Code
No
Source

"The income source of a political party may be (...) donations or grants by Ethiopian nationals and companies in accordance with the limit to be set by the Board on basis of its study;"

(Article 51(1)b, the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

4. Is there a ban on corporate donations to candidates?
Code
No
5. Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to political parties?
Code
No
6. Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to candidates?
Code
No
7. Is there a ban on anonymous donations to political parties?
Code
Yes
Comment

Donations from unknown sources are prohibited.

Source

"Every political party is prohibited to accept donation or grant from the following persons or bodies (...) donation or grant having unknown source;"

(Article 52(1)h, the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

8. Is there a ban on anonymous donations to candidates?
Code
No
9. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to political parties?
Code
No
10. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to candidates?
Code
No
11. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with partial government ownership to political parties?
Code
Yes
Source

"Every political party is prohibited to accept donation or grant from the following persons or bodies (...)  government organization."

(Article 52(1), the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

12. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with partial government ownership to candidates?
Code
No
13. Is there a ban on the use of state resources in favour or against a political party or candidate?
Code
Yes
Source

"Any political shall not (...) use Federal, Regional, Municipal or other public resources for campaign purposes in any manner other than those allowed by election laws."

(Article 14(1)b, Electoral Code of Conduct for Political Parties, Proclamation n° 662/2009, 28 August 2009).

14. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during a non-election specific period?
Code
No
15. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during a non-election specific period, what is the limit?
Code
Not applicable
16. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during an election?
Code
No
17. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during an election, what is the limit?
Code
Not applicable
18. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate?
Code
No
19. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate, what is the limit?
Code
Not applicable
20. Is there a limit on the amount a candidate can contribute to their own election campaign?
Code
No
21. Is there a limit on in-kind donations to political parties?
Code
No
22. Is there a limit on in-kind donations to candidates?
Code
No
23. Is there a ban on political parties engaging in commercial activities?
Code
Yes
Comment

Political parties are prohibited from engaging in commercial and industrial activities, directly or indirectly.

Source

"Notwithstanding the provision of Article 7 (2) of this Proclamation, a political party which has attained legal personality may not directly or indirectly engage in commercial and industrial activities."

(Article 51(3), the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

24. Is there a ban on political parties taking loans in relation to election campaigns?
Code
No
25. Is there a ban on candidates taking loans in relation to election campaigns?
Code
No
26. Is there a ban on donors to political parties/candidates participating in public tender/procurement processes?
Code
No data
27. Are there provisions requiring donations to go through the banking system?
Code
No
Question Value
28. Are there provisions for direct public funding to political parties?
Code
Yes, both regularly and in relation to campaigns
Source

Funding provided regularly:

"The government may grant support for political parties that have representation at the Federal and at State houses for conducting their day to day activity."

(Article 42(1), the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

"The financial support given by the government to political parties for their day to day activities may be in the form of money, in kind and/or services as the case maybe."

(Article 18(1), Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

Funding provided in relation to campaigns:

"The government may grant support to political parties to be effected for election purpose for federal or state houses."

(Article 42(2), the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

"According to Article 47 Sub- Article 1 of the Registration Proclamation the government shall grant support to political parties that participate in elections for federal and state councils."

(Article 14(1), Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

29. What are the eligibility criteria for political parties to receive public funding?
Code
  • Share of seats in previous election
  • Number of candidates nominated
Source

Funding provided regularly:

"The support to be granted to political parties shall have to be apportioned between the parties on the basis proportional to their number of seats in federal or state houses."

(Article 45(1), the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

"Any government financial support given to a political party according to article 45 sub- article 1 of the Registration Proclamation, as specified by this Regulation, for the conduct of its day to day activities shall be based only on the number of seats it holds in federal or state houses."

(Article 18(2), Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

Funding provided in relation to elections:

"Notwithstanding the provision of sub – article (1) of this Article, the support to be granted to purposes of election for federal or state houses shall be:
a) apportioned on the basis of the number of candidates nominated by the political parties;
b) apportioned on the basis of the number of women candidates nominated by the political parties."

(Article 45(2), he Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

"According to Article 45 of the Registration

1. Proclamation support granted to political parties during elections shall be apportioned according to:
A. the number of seats won a party in the Federal Council during the preceding election where the support relates to an election thereto.
B. the number of seats won by a party in the Regional Council during the preceding election where the support relates to an election thereto.

3. Without prejudice to the provisions of sub- article 1 above, the financial support granted by the government shall be apportioned according to the following criteria:
A. number of candidates nominated by the party
B. number of female candidates nominated by the party."

(Article 15, Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

30. What is the allocation calculation for political parties to receive public funding?
Code
Proportional to seats received Proportional to candidates fielded
Source

Funding provided regularly:

"It shall be those political parties that have seats in the federal or regional councils who are eligible to receive government financial support for the conduct of their day to day activities.
The support granted pursuant to sub- article 1 of this article to political parties shall be based on the number of seats they hold in the federal or state councils.
The support granted by the government for the conduct of the day to day activities of the parties shall be governed by the formula to be prepared and
presented by the Board from time to time .The Board shall disclose to the political parties the formula it prepares and solicit their views on it."

(Article 20, Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

Funding provided in relation to elections:

"Notwithstanding the provision of sub – article (1) of this Article, the support to be granted to purposes of election for federal or state houses shall be:
a) apportioned on the basis of the number of candidates nominated by the political parties;
b) apportioned on the basis of the number of women candidates nominated by the political parties."

(Article 45(2), the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008)

31. What are the provisions on 'ear marking' direct public funding to political parties (how it should be used)?
Code
  • Ongoing party activities
  • Research and policy initiatives
Source

"A Political party shall utilize the support granted to it only for the intended purpose.
The day to day activity of a political party includes the following:
a) the customary day to day activity of political party;
b) developing political consciousness of the public;
c) acquainting the public with the aims of the party;
d) agitation to enable citizens to have active participation in the political activity of the country;
e) strengthening harmonious relationship between the public and the government institutions.

(Articles 46(1&2), the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

32. Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for political parties?
Code
Yes
Source

"Political organizations and sections of the community that are in support of a candidate shall be entitled to equal access to state-owned mass media including radio, TV and newspapers."

(Article 59(1), The Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. 532/2007).

"The utilization of mass media shall be carried out in accordance with the election law."

(Article 42(4),  the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

"The financial support given to political parties by the government comprises of availing the parties the free use of government meeting halls, rendering mass media services according to the law and rendering of other similar services."

(Article 13(1), Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

"The Board shall compute in terms of money, the share of air time given to a political party as part of the total financial support allocated to it according to this Regulation, and inform it thereof."

(Article 13(3), Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

33. What criteria determine allocation for free or subsidized access to media for political parties?
Code
Not applicable
34. Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for candidates?
Code
Yes
Source

"Candidates shall be entitled to get access to free airtime on the state-owned media."

(Article 59(2), The Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. 532/2007).

35. Are there provisions for any other form of indirect public funding?
Code
Yes
Source

"The financial support given to political parties by the government comprises of availing the parties the free use of government meeting halls, rendering mass media services according to the law and rendering of other similar services.

According to Article 18 of the Registration Proclamation,any political party:
A. shall not pay any kind of income tax on revenue it gets from its members and supporters.
B. shall not have the obligation of collecting and transferring to the government income tax payable in accordance with the law in respect of the salaries of its employees."

(Article 13(1&2), Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

36. Is the provision of direct public funding to political parties tied to gender equality among candidates?
Code
Yes
Source

"Notwithstanding the provision of sub – article (1) of this Article, the support to be granted to purposes of election for federal or state houses shall be:
a) apportioned on the basis of the number of candidates nominated by the political parties;
b) apportioned on the basis of the number of women candidates nominated by the political parties."

(Article 45(2), the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

"According to Article 45 of the Registration

1. Proclamation support granted to political parties during elections shall be apportioned according to:
A. the number of seats won a party in the Federal Council during the preceding election where the support relates to an election thereto.
B. the number of seats won by a party in the Regional Council during the preceding election where the support relates to an election thereto.

3. Without prejudice to the provisions of sub- article 1 above, the financial support granted by the government shall be apportioned according to the following criteria:
A. number of candidates nominated by the party
B. number of female candidates nominated by the party."

(Article 15, Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

37. Are there provisions for other financial advantages to encourage gender equality in political parties?
Code
No
Question Value
38. Is there a ban on vote buying?
Code
Yes
Source

"Any political party shall not coerce or offer monetary or other kinds of inducement to persons to vote for or against a particular party or candidate, or to abstain from voting;"

(Article 15(1), Electoral Code of Conduct for Political Parties, Proclamation n° 662/2009, 28 August 2009).

"Any political party, independent candidate, coalition of parties, front, movement, alliance, political party leader, official, candidate, member, agent and  representative shall be deemed to have violated this Proclamation if:
it offers or accepts monetary or any kind of inducement or bribe (...);
it coerces or offers monetary or any kind of inducement to persons to vote for or against a particular party or candidate, or to abstain from voting."

(Article 27 (1&3), Electoral Code of Conduct for Political Parties, Proclamation n° 662/2009, 28 August 2009).

39. Are there limits on the amount a political party can spend?
Code
No
40. If there are limits on the amount a political party can spend, what is the limit?
Code
Not applicable
41. Are there limits on the amount a candidate can spend?
Code
No
42. If there are limits on the amount a candidate can spend, what is the limit?
Code
Not applicable
43. Are there limits on the amount that third parties can spend on election campaign activities?
Code
No
44. Are there limits on traditional media advertising spending in relation to election campaigns?
Code
No
45. Are there limits on online media advertising spending in relation to election campaigns?
Code
No
46. Do any other restrictions on online media advertisement (beyond limits) exist?
Code
No
Question Value
47. Do political parties have to report regularly on their finances?
Code
Yes
Source

"1) Every political party shall undertake audit inspection annually by its auditor. Starting from 6 months of its registration, the political party shall submit its audit report to the Board on the third month after the end of each budget year.

2) The annual audit report to be submitted to the Board by every political party shall include:
a) the amount and source of revenue;
b )list of expenditure; and
c) a document as to its authenticity the political party leader signed on it and attested by the party seal.

3) Every political party shall prepare and officially issue annual audit report. Such annual audit report shall have to be inspected and accepted by the external auditor to be appointed by the Board."

(Article 56, the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

Every political party that receives government financial support shall submit an audited report to the Board concerning the government financial support in accordance with the Registration Proclamation on the third month after endof the budget year where the financial support relates to the conduct of its day to day activities;"

(Article 24(2)A, Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

48. Do political parties have to report on their election campaign finances?
Code
Yes
Source

"The political party shall submit its report to the Board within the period as determined by the Board if it relates to the report to be submitted as to the support granted for the purpose of election."

(Article 48(3)b, the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

"Every political party that receives government financial support shall (...) submit an audited report to the Board concerning the government financial support within three months of the announcement of the result where the support is for the purpose of an election."

(Article 24(2)B, Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

49. Do candidates have to report on their election campaign finances?
Code
No
50. Do third parties have to report on election campaign finances?
Code
No
51. Is information in reports from political parties and/or candidates to be made public?
Code
Yes
Comment

Yes, as regards the support granted by the government to the political parties for the purpose of elections. The latter has to be reported periodically to the Ethiopian National Electoral Board in the certified audit report submitted by the political parties.

Source

"The Board upon receiving the audit report provided under Article 47 of this Proclamation shall make official to the public; and where it deems necessary it may order inspection."

(Article 9(17), the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

52. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates reveal the identity of donors?
Code
Yes
Source

"Every political party shall have to keep appropriately at its head office an accurate and permanent record which includes the following matters (...) the name of the person who made contribution or donation or promise."

(Article 54(2)b, the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

53. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates include information on itemized income?
Code
No
54. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates include information on itemized spending?
Code
Yes
Source

"Where the financial support granted to a political party is money, according to article 48 subarticle (C) and (D) of the Registration Proclamation, it shall:enter its expenditures by listing them under every expenditure heading."

(Article 23(3)A, Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

55. Which institution(s) receives financial reports from political parties and/or candidates?
Code
EMB
Source

"Every political party shall undertake audit inspection annually by its auditor. Starting from 6 months of its registration, the political party shall submit its audit report to the Board on the third month after the end of each budget year."

(Article 56(1), the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

"The support granted by the government to the political parties for the purpose of election shall be reported periodically to the Board in the audit report by the political parties after listing the expenditure of the grant in expenditure heading and certified by the auditor."

(Article 47(3), the Revised Political Parties Registration No. 573/2008, 24 September 2008).

Every political party that receives government financial support shall:
A. submit an audited report to the Board concerning the government financial support in accordance with the Registration Proclamation on the third month after endof the budget year where the financial support relates to the conduct of its day to day activities;
B. submit an audited report to the Board concerning the government financial support within three months of the announcement of the result where the support is for the purpose of an election.

(Article 24(2), Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

56. Which institution(s) is responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations?
Code
  • EMB
  • Auditing agency
Source

"The Federal Auditor General shall audit the utilization of any government financial support given to a political party on his own initiative, or when he is ordered or requested by a relevant body.
The Federal Auditor shall submit to the Board his findings and the necessary explanation thereon as regards the accounts he audited according to this article."

(Article 25, Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

57. What power is granted to the institution(s) responsible for examining reports and/or investigating violations?
Code
No data
58. What sanctions are provided for political finance infractions?
Code
  • Fines
  • Prison
  • Forfeiture
  • Loss of public funding
  • Deregistration of party
  • Suspension of political party
Source

"Any political party that utilizes the financial grant rendered to it by the government for the purposes and activities other than what it is intended for, or does not submit a report within the stipulated time or presents a false financial document, or is in default of his obligations in relation to the grant:
A. the support granted to the party may be reduced or terminated;

B. the party may be fined, suspended or dissolved according to the penal law;
C. the party may be cancelled from registration, or
D. the leader or leaders of the political party may be fined or sentenced."

(Article 28(1), Regulation Concerning the Procedure for Determining the Apportionment of Government Financial Support to Political Parties Regulation Number 5/2009, 20 July 2009).

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