Turkey

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Question	Value
1. Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to political parties?	CodeYes Commentblank Source
2. Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to candidates?	CodeYes CommentIt seems the ban may only apply to partisan, not independent, candidates. Source
3. Is there a ban on corporate donations to political parties?	CodeNo Commentblank Source
4. Is there a ban on corporate donations to candidates?	CodeNo Comment. Source
5. Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to political parties?	CodeNo Comment. Source
6. Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to candidates?	CodeNo Comment. Source
7. Is there a ban on anonymous donations to political parties?	CodeYes Comment. Source
8. Is there a ban on anonymous donations to candidates?	CodeNo Comment. Source
9. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to political parties?	CodeYes Comment Source Art 66, 'Genel ve katma b?t?eli dairelerle mahalli idareler ve muhtarliklar, kamu iktisadi tesebb?sleri, ?zel kanunla veya ?zel kanunla verilen yetkiye dayanilarak kurulmus bankalar ve diger kuruluslar, kamu iktisadi tesebb?s? sayilmamakla beraber ?denmis sermayesinin bir kismi Devlete veya bu fikrada adi ge?en kurum, idare, tesebb?s, banka veya kuruluslara ait m?esseseler, siyasi partilere hi?bir suretle tasinir veya tasinmaz mal veya nakit veya haklar bagislayamaz ve bu gibi mal veya haklarin kullanilmasini bedelsiz olarak birakamazlar; bagli olduklari kanun h?k?mleri disinda siyasi partilere ayni haklarin devrine dair tasarruflarda bulunamazlar. Kamu kurumu niteligindeki meslek kuruluslari, is?i ve isveren sendikalari ile bunlarin ?st kuruluslari, dernekler, vakiflar ve kooperatifler, ?zel kanunlarinda yer alan h?k?mlere uymak kosuluyla siyasi partilere maddi yardim ve bagista bulunabilirler.Yukaridaki fikranin disinda kalan ger?ek ve t?zel kisilerin her birinin bir siyasi partiye ayni yil i?erisinde iki milyar liradan fazla kiymette ayni veya nakdi bagista bulunmasi (Ek ibare: 2/1/2003-4778/8 md.) veya yayinlari kullandirmasi yasaktir. Bagis veya bagislarin bagista bulunana veya yetkili temsilcisine veya vekiline ait oldugunun partice verilen makbuzda a?ik?a belirtilmesi gerekir. B?yle bir belgeye dayanilmaksizin siyasi partilerce bagis kabul edilemez.(Ek c?mle: 13/2/2011-6111/181 md.) Siyasi partilerin adina a?ilmis banka hesaplarina yapilan bagislar i?in ayrica gelir makbuzu d?zenlenmez.Siyasi partiler, yabanci devletlerden, uluslararasi kuruluslardan, T?rk uyruklugunda olmayan ger?ek ve t?zel kisilerden herhangi bir suretle ayni veya nakdi yardim ve bagis alamazlar.' (Source: Law on Political Parties (Law 2820))
10. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to candidates?	CodeNo Comment Source P 20, 'campaign financing of individual candidates for election is out of the scope of the LPP and not regulated at all. The different electoral laws applicable to parliamentary and local elections... are completely silent on this matter. The lack of regulation and control of election campaign funding at national and local level concerns both independent candidates and individual party candidates, who are not ? except for one single criminal provision37 ? explicitly addressed by the provisions of the LPP... new transparency regulations for parliamentary, presidential and local election campaigns need to be compatible with the existing rules of the LPP on permitted and prohibited funding sources (including a ban on anonymous donations), donation ceilings, accounting and reporting obligations.' [footnote 37 shows that the exception relates to partisan candidates receiving foreign donations] (Source: GRECO (2010) Evaluation Report on Turkey, Transparency of Party Funding (Theme II))
11. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with partial government ownership to political parties?	CodeYes Comment Source Art 66, 'Genel ve katma b?t?eli dairelerle mahalli idareler ve muhtarliklar, kamu iktisadi tesebb?sleri, ?zel kanunla veya ?zel kanunla verilen yetkiye dayanilarak kurulmus bankalar ve diger kuruluslar, kamu iktisadi tesebb?s? sayilmamakla beraber ?denmis sermayesinin bir kismi Devlete veya bu fikrada adi ge?en kurum, idare, tesebb?s, banka veya kuruluslara ait m?esseseler, siyasi partilere hi?bir suretle tasinir veya tasinmaz mal veya nakit veya haklar bagislayamaz ve bu gibi mal veya haklarin kullanilmasini bedelsiz olarak birakamazlar; bagli olduklari kanun h?k?mleri disinda siyasi partilere ayni haklarin devrine dair tasarruflarda bulunamazlar. Kamu kurumu niteligindeki meslek kuruluslari, is?i ve isveren sendikalari ile bunlarin ?st kuruluslari, dernekler, vakiflar ve kooperatifler, ?zel kanunlarinda yer alan h?k?mlere uymak kosuluyla siyasi partilere maddi yardim ve bagista bulunabilirler.Yukaridaki fikranin disinda kalan ger?ek ve t?zel kisilerin her birinin bir siyasi partiye ayni yil i?erisinde iki milyar liradan fazla kiymette ayni veya nakdi bagista bulunmasi (Ek ibare: 2/1/2003-4778/8 md.) veya yayinlari kullandirmasi yasaktir. Bagis veya bagislarin bagista bulunana veya yetkili temsilcisine veya vekiline ait oldugunun partice verilen makbuzda a?ik?a belirtilmesi gerekir. B?yle bir belgeye dayanilmaksizin siyasi partilerce bagis kabul edilemez.(Ek c?mle: 13/2/2011-6111/181 md.) Siyasi partilerin adina a?ilmis banka hesaplarina yapilan bagislar i?in ayrica gelir makbuzu d?zenlenmez.Siyasi partiler, yabanci devletlerden, uluslararasi kuruluslardan, T?rk uyruklugunda olmayan ger?ek ve t?zel kisilerden herhangi bir suretle ayni veya nakdi yardim ve bagis alamazlar.' (Source: Law on Political Parties (Law 2820))
12. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with partial government ownership to candidates?	CodeNo Comment Source P 20, 'campaign financing of individual candidates for election is out of the scope of the LPP and not regulated at all. The different electoral laws applicable to parliamentary and local elections... are completely silent on this matter. The lack of regulation and control of election campaign funding at national and local level concerns both independent candidates and individual party candidates, who are not ? except for one single criminal provision37 ? explicitly addressed by the provisions of the LPP... new transparency regulations for parliamentary, presidential and local election campaigns need to be compatible with the existing rules of the LPP on permitted and prohibited funding sources (including a ban on anonymous donations), donation ceilings, accounting and reporting obligations.' [footnote 37 shows that the exception relates to partisan candidates receiving foreign donations] (Source: GRECO (2010) Evaluation Report on Turkey, Transparency of Party Funding (Theme II))
13. Is there a ban on the use of state resources in favour or against a political party or candidate?	CodeYes Comment Source
14. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during a non-election specific period?	CodeYes, for both natural and legal persons Comment Limit does not apply to certain organisations. Source P 10, 'Section 66, paragraph 2 LPP establishes a ceiling for the total amount of donations which may be made by one natural or legal person to a political party in a calendar year, i.e. 23,473 TYR/10,908 EUR in 2009; this amount is increased as of the beginning of every calendar year at a value determined and announced in line with the provisions of the Tax Procedures Law.21 The aforementioned ceiling does not apply to certain organisationsmentioned above (e.g. professional organisations in the form of public institutions, trade unions and employers? associations etc., see paragraph 21 above) which may contribute to political parties in accordance with the special provisions of their founding law.' (Source: GRECO (2010) Evaluation Report on Turkey, Transparency of Party Funding (Theme II))
15. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during a non-election specific period, what is the limit?	Code Limit is announced every year. Comment. SourceKas?m Erdem (Researcher, Department of Research Services, Grand National Assemblyof Turkey)
16. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during an election?	CodeNo Comment Regular limit applies Source P 7, [The] '...general rules on financing of political parties also apply to their electioncampaign funding. The election laws do not provide for any specific rules in this respect...' (Source: GRECO (2010) Evaluation Report on Turkey, Transparency of Party Funding (Theme II))
17. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during an election, what is the limit?	CodeNot applicable Comment Source
18. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate?	CodeNo Comment. Source
19. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate, what is the limit?	CodeNot applicable Comment Source
20. Is there a limit on the amount a candidate can contribute to their own election campaign?
21. Is there a limit on in-kind donations to political parties?
22. Is there a limit on in-kind donations to candidates?
23. Is there a ban on political parties engaging in commercial activities?
24. Is there a ban on political parties taking loans in relation to election campaigns?
25. Is there a ban on candidates taking loans in relation to election campaigns?
26. Is there a ban on donors to political parties/candidates participating in public tender/procurement processes?
27. Are there provisions requiring donations to go through the banking system?

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Question	Value
28. Are there provisions for direct public funding to political parties?	CodeYes, both regularly and in relation to campaigns Comment Source
29. What are the eligibility criteria for political parties to receive public funding?	CodeShare of votes in previous election Comment?3% of valid votes in the last general elections. Source
30. What is the allocation calculation for political parties to receive public funding?	CodeProportional to votes received CommentProportional to votes received in previous election. Source
31. What are the provisions on 'ear marking' direct public funding to political parties (how it should be used)?	CodeNo Comment Source
32. Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for political parties?	CodeYes Comment Source
33. What criteria determine allocation for free or subsidized access to media for political parties?	CodeOther Comment Proportional distribution, exact details unclear. Source
34. Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for candidates?	CodeNo Comment Source
35. Are there provisions for any other form of indirect public funding?	CodeYes Comment. Source
36. Is the provision of direct public funding to political parties tied to gender equality among candidates?	CodeNo Comment. Source
37. Are there provisions for other financial advantages to encourage gender equality in political parties?	CodeNo Comment. Source

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Question	Value
38. Is there a ban on vote buying?	CodeYes Comment Source
39. Are there limits on the amount a political party can spend?	CodeNo Comment. Source
40. If there are limits on the amount a political party can spend, what is the limit?	CodeNot applicable Comment Source
41. Are there limits on the amount a candidate can spend?	CodeNo Comment. Source
42. If there are limits on the amount a candidate can spend, what is the limit?	CodeNot applicable Comment Source
43. Are there limits on the amount that third parties can spend on election campaign activities?
44. Are there limits on traditional media advertising spending in relation to election campaigns?
45. Are there limits on online media advertising spending in relation to election campaigns?
46. Do any other restrictions on online media advertisement (beyond limits) exist?

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Question	Value
47. Do political parties have to report regularly on their finances?	CodeYes CommentThe final accounts of political parties must be prepared so as to illustrate the previous year’s revenues and expenditures. Source
48. Do political parties have to report on their election campaign finances?	CodeNo CommentNo specific election-related reports. Campaign finances included in annual reports. Source
49. Do candidates have to report on their election campaign finances?	CodeYes CommentApplicable to presidential candidates within ten days after the finalization of election results. Source
50. Do third parties have to report on election campaign finances?
51. Is information in reports from political parties and/or candidates to be made public?	CodeYes CommentReports are published in the Official Gazette, printed and online, and on the website of the Constitutional Court. Source
52. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates reveal the identity of donors?	CodeYes Comment. Source
53. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates include information on itemized income?
54. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates include information on itemized spending?
55. Which institution(s) receives financial reports from political parties and/or candidates?	CodeSpecial agency for political finance \| Court \| Other CommentConstitutional Court, Office of the Chief Public Prosecutor and the Supreme Election Board. Source
56. Which institution(s) is responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations?	CodeCourt Comment Constitutional Court Source
57. What power is granted to the institution(s) responsible for examining reports and/or investigating violations?
58. What sanctions are provided for political finance infractions?	CodeFines \| Prison \| Loss of public funding \| Deregistration of party \| Loss of political rights \| Other CommentA warning can be used as a first sanction. Further sanctions range from fines to imprisonment and the deregistration of political parties. Persons can be banned from being nominated as candidates. Source

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