Are referendum results binding?

Serbia, Law on the Referendum and the People’s Initiative (December 2021) [in Serbian], accessed 20 December 2021

Article 10. [...] In terms of the legal effect of the related decision, a referendum may be binding or consultative. [...]

Adoption and Legal Effect of a Decision in a Binding Referendum

Article 11. In a binding referendum, a decision shall be adopted if the majority of citizens who participated in the referendum in the territory on which the referendum was called have voted for it.

The decision referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall have legal effect from the day of declaration of the overall results of the referendum.

Establishment of Opinion in a Consultative Referendum

Article 12. In a consultative referendum, the opinion of citizens shall be established by the vote of the majority of citizens who participated in the referendum, and it shall not be legally binding.

Article 14. A request for calling a referendum on an issue falling within the competence of the assembly may be submitted by a majority of all MPs to the National Assembly, Deputies at the Assembly of the Autonomous Province and Councillors at the Assembly of the Local Self-Government Unit.

The request referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall mandatory state whether calling of a binding or consultative referendum is requested. A statement of the referendum question along with the answers offered must be included in such request. […]

Article 15. The National Assembly shall call a referendum at the request of voters whose minimum number is determined by the Constitution or the law.

The Assembly of the Autonomous Province shall call a referendum at the request of at least 30,000 voters who have a permanent residence on the territory of the Autonomous Province.

The assembly of the local self-government unit shall call a referendum at the request of at least 10% of voters who have a permanent residence on the territory of the local self-government unit.

The request referred to in paragraph 1 - 3 of this Article shall specify whether calling of a referendum is requested for voting beforehand on a matter to be regulated by an act of the assembly, or for proposing adoption / amendment or repealing of an act, and whether the referendum shall be binding or consultative. A statement of the referendum question along with the answers offered must be included in such request.