50. Do third parties have to report on election campaign finances?

"The law is also silent on expenditures incurred by unaffiliated, non-party campaigners (third parties). The OSCE/ODIHR EET interlocutors noted that such activity is insignificant in France. However, in the circumstances when direct donations to candidates and candidate spending are capped, third party expenditure presents a potential means of circumventing donation and spending limits."

OSCE/ODIHR (2017) Republic of France, Presidential Election, 23 April and 7 May OSCE/ODIHR Election Expert Team Final Report, OSCE/ODIHR, Warsaw.