Pakistan’s history and geographic location have made it a major migration hub. From the mass movements triggered by partition to ongoing internal and international population flows, migration has shaped—and continues to shape—the country’s political, social and economic landscape.

This case study explores the multifaceted drivers of Pakistan’s migration, spanning from economic conditions and climate change to political instability and conflict. The study concludes by highlighting several prospects for making Pakistan’s electoral processes more inclusive and participatory.

This paper is part of a series of eight case studies on absent voters in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.