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Direct Democracy Database

World

Country Year
Referendum
Issues excluded from being the subject of referendums at the national level
Afghanistan 2014 None
Albania 2022
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Issues related to territorial integrity
  • Amnesty and pardon
  • Limitations of fundamental human rights and freedoms
  • Declaration and abrogation of the state of emergency
  • Declaration of war and peace
Algeria 2013 None
Andorra 2014 Not specified by legislation
Angola 2014 Constitutional amendments
Antigua and Barbuda 2014 None
Argentina 2014 The law excludes specific issues regulated by Constitution.
Armenia 2022
  • Constitutional amendments
  • Adoption of international treaties
  • National sovereignty, national self-determination
  • Devolution
  • Civil service
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Amnesty and pardon
Australia 2015 None
Austria 2014 None
Azerbaijan 2014
  • Civil service
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Amnesty and pardon
Bahamas 2014 None
Bahrain 2013 None
Belarus 2014
  • Civil service
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Issues related to territorial integrity
  • Amnesty and pardon
  • Any questions pertaining to election and dismissal of the President.
Belize 2013 None
Benin 2014
  • National sovereignty, national self-determination
  • See also source
Bermuda 2013 None
Bhutan 2014
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • See also sources
Bolivia 2014
  • Devolution
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • See also source
Botswana 2014 None
Brazil 2013 None
Bulgaria 2022
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Also many other issues which are defined in the Article 9 of the Act on Direct Participation of Citizens in Government and Local Government
Burkina Faso 2013 None
Burundi 2014 None
Cabo Verde 2014
  • Devolution
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • See also quote
Cameroon 2013 None
Canada 2013 No provisions in this regard
Cayman Islands 2014 None
Central African Republic 2013 None
Chad 2014 None
Chile 2022 See comments
Colombia 2017
  • Adoption of international treaties
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
Congo, Democratic Republic of 2013
  • Constitutional amendments
  • See also sources
Cook Islands 2014 None
Costa Rica 2014
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • See also source
Côte d'Ivoire 2014 Not specified by legislation
Croatia 2013 None
Denmark 2018 Finance Bills; Supplementary Appropriation Bills; Provisional Appropriation Bills; Government Loan Bills; Civil Servants (Amendment) Bills; Salaries and Pensions Bills; Naturalization Bills; Expropriation Bills; Taxation (Direct and Indirect) Bills; Bills introduced for the purpose of discharging existing treaty obligations
Dominica 2014
  • Transfer of authority to international bodies
  • Conflict between constitutional organs
Dominican Republic 2013 Designation or recall of an elected authority
Ecuador 2014
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • See comment
Egypt 2014 None
El Salvador 2014 Not specified by legislation
Equatorial Guinea 2013 None
Estonia 2013
  • Adoption of international treaties
  • Transfer of authority to international bodies
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Declaration or termination of a state of emergency; national defence
Eswatini 2013 None
Ethiopia 2013 Not specified by legislation
Fiji 2014 Not specified by legislation
Finland 2014 None
France 2013 Not specified by legislation
Gabon 2013 Not specified by legislation
Georgia 2014
  • Adoption of international treaties
  • Amnesty and pardon
  • Issues related to passing or revoking a law; and issues which restrict general human constitutional rights and freedom
Ghana 2013 See comments
Gibraltar 2017 Not specified by legislation
Greece 2013 Taxes and public expenditure commitments
Grenada 2013 None
Guatemala 2013 None
Guinea 2017 None
Honduras 2014 Not specified by legislation
Hungary 2014
  • Constitutional amendments
  • Adoption of international treaties
  • Civil service
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Amnesty and pardon
  • See also sources
Iceland 2017 None
Iran, Islamic Republic of 2014
  • Constitutional amendments
  • See also source
Iraq 2014 None
Ireland 2022 None
Italy 2014
  • Adoption of international treaties
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Amnesty and pardon
Jamaica 2014 None
Japan 2014 None
Kazakhstan 2013
  • Civil service
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Issues related to territorial integrity
  • Amnesty and pardon
  • See more in the quote
Kenya 2022 Not specified by legislation
Kiribati 2013 Not specified by legislation
Korea, Republic of 2013 None
Kyrgyzstan 2014
  • Civil service
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Amnesty and pardon
  • See also quote
Latvia 2014
  • Adoption of international treaties
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • See also quote
Lesotho 2014 Not specified by legislation
Liberia 2014 None
Libya 2014 None
Lithuania 2013 None
Luxembourg 2017 Not specified by legislation
Madagascar 2013 None
Malawi 2013 None
Maldives 2013 None
Mali 2013 None
Mauritania 2013 None
Mauritius 2013 None
Mexico 2017
  • National sovereignty, national self-determination
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Restriction of human rights Separation of church and state Electoral matters The organization, operation and discipline of the permanent Military Forces
Moldova, Republic of 2014
  • Civil service
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Amnesty and pardon
  • See also quote
Mongolia 2013 None
Montenegro 2014 None
Morocco 2014 Not specified by legislation
Mozambique 2013
  • Constitutional amendments
  • Adoption of international treaties
  • Transfer of authority to international bodies
  • Civil service
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • See source for more excluded issues.
Myanmar 2014 None
Namibia 2013 None
Nauru 2014 Not specified by legislation
Nepal 2013 None
New Zealand 2014 None
Nicaragua 2013 None
Niger 2013 None
Nigeria 2014 None
Niue 2013 None
North Macedonia, Republic of 2017
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Amnesty and pardon
  • Issues related to elections, appointments and dismissals
Pakistan 2013 None
Palau 2014 None
Panama 2014 None
Paraguay 2014
  • Adoption of international treaties
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • See also quote
Peru 2014
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Any issue that implies diminishing or suppressing human rights or an international treaty already in force
Philippines 2014 Petition embracing more than one subject; Statutes involving emergency measures
Poland 2014 See comments
Portugal 2018
  • Constitutional amendments
  • Adoption of international treaties
  • National sovereignty, national self-determination
  • Devolution
  • Civil service
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Amnesty and pardon
Qatar 2014 None
Republic of The Congo (Brazzaville) 2013 None
Romania 2014
  • National sovereignty, national self-determination
  • Issues related to territorial integrity
  • See also sources
Russian Federation 2013
  • Devolution
  • Civil service
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Issues related to territorial integrity
  • Amnesty and pardon
  • See also sources
Rwanda 2014 None
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2014 Not specified by legislation
Saint Lucia 2013 Constitutional amendments
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2013 Not specified by legislation
Samoa 2013 None
São Tomé and Príncipe 2013
  • Constitutional amendments
  • Adoption of international treaties
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • See source for more excluded issues.
Senegal 2014 None
Serbia 2021
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Amnesty and pardon
  • Duties deriving from international contracts Laws pertaining to human and minority rights and freedoms Introduction of the state of emergency Issues pertaining to election competences of the National Assembly
Seychelles 2013 None
Sierra Leone 2013 None
Singapore 2014 None
Slovakia 2013
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Basic rights and freedoms
Slovenia 2014
  • Adoption of international treaties
  • National sovereignty, national self-determination
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • See also source
Somalia 2013 None
South Africa 2013 None
South Sudan 2014 None
Spain 2013 None
Sri Lanka 2013 None
Sudan 2013 None
Suriname 2017 None
Sweden 2013 None
Switzerland 2014
  • Adoption of international treaties
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • See source for more excluded issues
Syrian Arab Republic 2014 None
Taiwan 2018
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Salary and personnel affairs
Tajikistan 2013
  • Constitutional amendments
  • Adoption of international treaties
  • National sovereignty, national self-determination
  • Devolution
  • Civil service
  • See source for more excluded issues
Tanzania, United Republic of 2014 None
Thailand 2017 Issues contrary to or inconsistent with the Constitution
The Gambia 2014 None
Timor-Leste 2014
  • Civil service
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • See source for more excluded issues
Togo 2014 The status of the State as a republican and secular one
Tunisia 2014 None
Turkey 2013 None
Turkmenistan 2014
  • Civil service
  • Issues related to territorial integrity
  • See also quote
Uganda 2014 None
Ukraine 2013
  • Civil service
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Amnesty and pardon
  • See more in the quotes
United Kingdom 2015 None
Uruguay 2014
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Constitutional laws and those related to issues where the initiative can solely be exerted by the Executive
Uzbekistan 2013
  • Civil service
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Issues related to territorial integrity
  • Amnesty and pardon
  • See also sources
Vanuatu 2013 None
Venezuela 2014
  • Taxes and public expenditure commitments
  • Any amnesty law, or those that protect, guarantee or develop human rights as well as those that approve international treaties
Yemen 2013 None
Zambia 2013 Not specified by legislation
Zimbabwe 2014 None
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Summary

Summary data
Referendum
Issues excluded from being the subject of referendums at the national level
Value Count
None 80 (30.30%)
Devolution 6 (2.27%)
Civil service 15 (5.68%)
Amnesty and pardon 16 (6.06%)
Constitutional amendments 10 (3.79%)
Not specified by legislation 18 (6.82%)
Adoption of international treaties 14 (5.30%)
Conflict between constitutional organs 1 (0.38%)
Issues related to territorial integrity 7 (2.65%)
Taxes and public expenditure commitments 37 (14.02%)
Transfer of authority to international bodies 3 (1.14%)
National sovereignty, national self-determination 7 (2.65%)
No data 0 (0.00%)
Other 50 (18.94%)
Total 264
Missing data 0
Grand total 264
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