Nigeria
| Question | Value |
|---|---|
1. Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Infractions of ban means a financial penalty of not less than N 500,000 [I$ 6,900]
|
2. Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to candidates? |
Code
No
|
3. Is there a ban on corporate donations to political parties? |
Code
No
|
4. Is there a ban on corporate donations to candidates? |
Code
No
Comment
Ban applies to amounts exceeding 1,000,000 Naira [I$ 14,000]. |
5. Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to political parties? |
Code
No
|
6. Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to candidates? |
Code
No
|
7. Is there a ban on anonymous donations to political parties? |
Code
Yes
|
8. Is there a ban on anonymous donations to candidates? |
Code
No
|
9. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to political parties? |
Code
No
Source
P 2, 'ii) Funding LimitsPolitical Parties may obtain funds for their operations from the following only: a) membership fee;b) income generated by property owned by political party;c) profit from the income of the enterprises owned by political party;d) public funding i.e. grant from the state; ande) contributions from legal entities and natural persons.' [no mention of corporations with government contracts or partial government ownership being excluded from the definition of legal entities] (Source: Independent National Electoral Commission (2010) Political Party Finance Handbook) |
10. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to candidates? |
Code
No
Source
P 1, 'Apart from the limit of 1,000,000 Naira that anyone can contribute to acandidate (?91(9)), there seem to be no limitations on the contributions that can be made. In particular, while it is an offence for political parties to receive funds from other countries (?88(b)), no such provision seems to exist for election candidates.' (Source: Ohman, Magnus (2010) New Electoral Act fails to address loopholes in campaign finance transparency, IFES Nigeria Political Finance Newsletter, Vol 1, No 1) |
11. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with partial government ownership to political parties? |
Code
No
Source
P 2, 'ii) Funding LimitsPolitical Parties may obtain funds for their operations from the following only: a) membership fee;b) income generated by property owned by political party;c) profit from the income of the enterprises owned by political party;d) public funding i.e. grant from the state; ande) contributions from legal entities and natural persons.' [no mention of corporations with government contracts or partial government ownership being excluded from the definition of legal entities] (Source: Independent National Electoral Commission (2010) Political Party Finance Handbook) |
12. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with partial government ownership to candidates? |
Code
No
Source
P 1, 'Apart from the limit of 1,000,000 Naira that anyone can contribute to acandidate (?91(9)), there seem to be no limitations on the contributions that can be made. In particular, while it is an offence for political parties to receive funds from other countries (?88(b)), no such provision seems to exist for election candidates.' (Source: Ohman, Magnus (2010) New Electoral Act fails to address loopholes in campaign finance transparency, IFES Nigeria Political Finance Newsletter, Vol 1, No 1) |
13. Is there a ban on the use of state resources in favour or against a political party or candidate? |
Code
Yes
Comment
The 'state apparatus' including public media must treat all political parties and candidates equally.
|
14. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during a non-election specific period? |
Code
No
Comment
The EMB can set such a limit, but has not done so as of late 2011.
|
15. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during a non-election specific period, what is the limit? |
Code
Not applicable
|
16. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during an election? |
Code
No
Comment
The EMB can set such a limit, but has not done so as of late 2011.
|
17. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during an election, what is the limit? |
Code
Not applicable
|
18. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate? |
Code
Yes, for both natural and legal persons
Source
|
19. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate, what is the limit? |
Code
Limit is 1 million Naira [I$ 14,000] per candidate
|
20. Is there a limit on the amount a candidate can contribute to their own election campaign? |
|
21. Is there a limit on in-kind donations to political parties? |
|
22. Is there a limit on in-kind donations to candidates? |
|
23. Is there a ban on political parties engaging in commercial activities? |
|
24. Is there a ban on political parties taking loans in relation to election campaigns? |
|
25. Is there a ban on candidates taking loans in relation to election campaigns? |
|
26. Is there a ban on donors to political parties/candidates participating in public tender/procurement processes? |
|
27. Are there provisions requiring donations to go through the banking system? |
| Question | Value |
|---|---|
28. Are there provisions for direct public funding to political parties? |
Code
No public funding available
Comment
Abolished in 2010
|
29. What are the eligibility criteria for political parties to receive public funding? |
Code
Not applicable
|
30. What is the allocation calculation for political parties to receive public funding? |
Code
Not applicable
|
31. What are the provisions on 'ear marking' direct public funding to political parties (how it should be used)? |
Code
Not applicable
|
32. Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for political parties? |
Code
Yes
|
33. What criteria determine allocation for free or subsidized access to media for political parties? |
Code
Equal
|
34. Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for candidates? |
Code
Yes
|
35. Are there provisions for any other form of indirect public funding? |
Code
No
|
36. Is the provision of direct public funding to political parties tied to gender equality among candidates? |
Code
Not applicable
|
37. Are there provisions for other financial advantages to encourage gender equality in political parties? |
Code
No
|
| Question | Value |
|---|---|
38. Is there a ban on vote buying? |
Code
Yes
|
39. Are there limits on the amount a political party can spend? |
Code
No
Comment
Although the Electoral Law establishes a sanction for exceeding the party spending limit, it does not actually set such a limit
|
40. If there are limits on the amount a political party can spend, what is the limit? |
Code
Not applicable
|
41. Are there limits on the amount a candidate can spend? |
Code
Yes
|
42. If there are limits on the amount a candidate can spend, what is the limit? |
Code
Between one million [I$ 14,000] and one billion naira [I$ 14,000,000] per candidate depending on the type of election.
|
43. Are there limits on the amount that third parties can spend on election campaign activities? |
|
44. Are there limits on traditional media advertising spending in relation to election campaigns? |
|
45. Are there limits on online media advertising spending in relation to election campaigns? |
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46. Do any other restrictions on online media advertisement (beyond limits) exist? |
| Question | Value |
|---|---|
47. Do political parties have to report regularly on their finances? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Annually
|
48. Do political parties have to report on their election campaign finances? |
Code
Yes
|
49. Do candidates have to report on their election campaign finances? |
Code
Yes
|
50. Do third parties have to report on election campaign finances? |
|
51. Is information in reports from political parties and/or candidates to be made public? |
Code
Yes
|
52. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates reveal the identity of donors? |
Code
Yes
|
53. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates include information on itemized income? |
|
54. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates include information on itemized spending? |
|
55. Which institution(s) receives financial reports from political parties and/or candidates? |
Code
EMB
Comment
Independent National Electoral Commission
|
56. Which institution(s) is responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations? |
Code
EMB
Comment
The EMB (INEC) has a right to examine the records and audited accounts kept by political parties, though there are no requirements for it to actually do so. |
57. What power is granted to the institution(s) responsible for examining reports and/or investigating violations? |
|
58. What sanctions are provided for political finance infractions? |
Code
Comment
Fines are used for a series of violations. Funds received from abroad must be forfeited. Knowingly contributing or spending above the limit; falsifying accounting records or engaging in vote buying can lead to imprisonment.
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