Mexico
| Question | Value |
|---|---|
1. Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Source
Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023Artículo 54. 1. No podrán realizar aportaciones o donativos a los partidos políticos ni a los aspirantes, precandidatos o candidatos a cargos de elección popular, en dinero o en especie, por sí o por interpósita persona y bajo ninguna circunstancia: d) Los partidos políticos, personas físicas o morales extranjeras; e) Los organismos internacionales de cualquier naturaleza; g) Las personas que vivan o trabajen en el extranjero. Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020. Artículo 121.
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2. Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2020. Artículo 54. 1. No podrán realizar aportaciones o donativos a los partidos políticos ni a los aspirantes, precandidatos o candidatos a cargos de elección popular, en dinero o en especie, por sí o por interpósita persona y bajo ninguna circunstancia: d) Los partidos políticos, personas físicas o morales extranjeras; e)Los organismos internacionales de cualquier naturaleza; g) Las personas que vivan o trabajen en el extranjero. Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 380. 1. Son obligaciones de las personas aspirantes: d) Rechazar toda clase de apoyo económico, político o propagandístico proveniente de extranjeros [...]. Tampoco podrán aceptar aportaciones o donativos, en dinero o en especie, por sí o por interpósita persona y bajo ninguna circunstancia de: IV) Los partidos políticos, personas físicas o morales extranjeras; Artículo 121. |
3. Is there a ban on corporate donations to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
All contributions from legal entities are prohibited.
Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 54. 1. No podrán realizar aportaciones o donativos a los partidos políticos ni a los aspirantes, precandidatos o candidatos a cargos de elección popular, en dinero o en especie, por sí o por interpósita persona y bajo ninguna circunstancia: i) Las empresas mexicanas de carácter mercantil; j) Las personas morales. Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 121. |
4. Is there a ban on corporate donations to candidates? |
Code
Yes
Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 54. 1. No podrán realizar aportaciones o donativos a los partidos políticos ni a los aspirantes, precandidatos o candidatos a cargos de elección popular, en dinero o en especie, por sí o por interpósita persona y bajo ninguna circunstancia: i) Las empresas mexicanas de carácter mercantil; j) Las personas morales. Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 121.
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5. Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
In Mexico, unions are prohibited from donating to political parties. Source
Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 54. 1. No podrán realizar aportaciones o donativos a los partidos políticos ni a los aspirantes, precandidatos o candidatos a cargos de elección popular, en dinero o en especie, por sí o por interpósita persona y bajo ninguna circunstancia: f) Las personas morales. Artículo 121. |
6. Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
In Mexico, unions are prohibited from donating to candidates. Source
Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 54. 1. No podrán realizar aportaciones o donativos a los partidos políticos ni a los aspirantes, precandidatos o candidatos a cargos de elección popular, en dinero o en especie, por sí o por interpósita persona y bajo ninguna circunstancia: f) Las personas morales. Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo Artículo 401. Artículo 121. Entes impedidos para realizar aportaciones: |
7. Is there a ban on anonymous donations to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Source
Source Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 55. 1. Los partidos políticos no podrán recibir aportaciones de personas no identificadas. Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020. Artículo 121. |
8. Is there a ban on anonymous donations to candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Candidates and political parties are prohibited from receiving any form of donation from anonymous sources and are furthermore required to disclose the source and identity of donors in their financial reports Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020. Artículo 55. 1. Los partidos políticos no podrán recibir aportaciones de personas no identificadas. Source Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 121. |
9. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
All contributions from legal entities are prohibited. Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 54. 1. No podrán realizar aportaciones o donativos a los partidos políticos ni a los aspirantes, precandidatos o candidatos a cargos de elección popular, en dinero o en especie, por sí o por interpósita persona y bajo ninguna circunstancia: f) Las personas morales. Article 54. 1. The following may not make contributions or donations to political parties or to aspirants, pre-candidates or candidates for popularly elected positions, in cash or in kind, either directly or through an intermediary and under any circumstances: f) Legal entities. Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 121. Article 121.
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10. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
All contributions from legal entities are prohibited.
Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 54. 1. No podrán realizar aportaciones o donativos a los partidos políticos ni a los aspirantes, precandidatos o candidatos a cargos de elección popular, en dinero o en especie, por sí o por interpósita persona y bajo ninguna circunstancia: f) Las personas morales. Source Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023. Artículo 121. |
11. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with partial government ownership to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
According to Mexican law, all companies with total or partial state ownership are prohibited from financing political parties or candidates. Therefore, the prohibition established in Article 54 of the General Law of Political Parties and Article 121 of the Electoral Audit Regulations considers the aforementioned prohibition. Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 54. 1. No podrán realizar aportaciones o donativos a los partidos políticos ni a los aspirantes, precandidatos o candidatos a cargos de elección popular, en dinero o en especie, por sí o por interpósita persona y bajo ninguna circunstancia: b) b) Las dependencias, entidades u organismos de la Administración Pública Federal, estatal o municipal, centralizada o paraestatal, y los órganos de gobierno del Distrito Federal. Article 54. 1. The following may not make contributions or donations to political parties or to aspirants, pre-candidates or candidates for popularly elected positions, in cash or in kind, either directly or through an intermediary and under any circumstances: b) b) The dependencies, entities or bodies of the Federal, state or municipal, centralized or parastatal Public Administration, and the governing bodies of the Federal District. Source Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023. Artículo 121.
Article 121. |
12. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with partial government ownership to candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
According to Mexican law, all companies with total or partial state ownership are prohibited from financing political parties or candidates. Therefore, the prohibition established in Article 54 of the General Law of Political Parties and Article 121 of the Electoral Audit Regulations considers the aforementioned prohibition. Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 54. 1. No podrán realizar aportaciones o donativos a los partidos políticos ni a los aspirantes, precandidatos o candidatos a cargos de elección popular, en dinero o en especie, por sí o por interpósita persona y bajo ninguna circunstancia: b) Las dependencias, entidades u organismos de la Administración Pública Federal, estatal o municipal, centralizada o paraestatal, y los órganos de gobierno del Distrito Federal. Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023. Artículo 121.
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13. Is there a ban on the use of state resources in favour or against a political party or candidate? |
Code
Yes
Comment
It is stated in the Law that all public servants, political parties, candidates, and elected officials are prohibited from using state resources to finance political propaganda that mentions any names of a political party, incumbent, or candidate. It is also illicit for incumbents and political parties to use social programs and their resources to influence public opinion with the aim to benefit or disadvantage a particular political party or candidate. There are express prohibitions in the Constitution, in electoral administrative legislation and in criminal legislation. Source
Source: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. Artículo 134. Los recursos económicos de que dispongan la Federación, las entidades federativas, los Municipios y las demarcaciones territoriales de la Ciudad de México, se administrarán con eficiencia, eficacia, economía, transparencia y honradez para satisfacer los objetivos a los que estén destinados... Los servidores públicos de la Federación, las entidades federativas, los Municipios y las demarcaciones territoriales de la Ciudad de México, tienen en todo tiempo la obligación de aplicar con imparcialidad los recursos públicos que están bajo su responsabilidad, sin influir en la equidad de la competencia entre los partidos políticos. Article 134. The economic resources available to the Federation, the federative entities, the Municipalities, and the territorial demarcations of Mexico City shall be administered with efficiency, effectiveness, economy, transparency, and integrity to satisfy the objectives for which they are intended... Public servants of the Federation, the federative entities, the Municipalities, and the territorial demarcations of Mexico City have at all times the obligation to apply the public resources under their responsibility impartially, without influencing the fairness of competition among political parties. Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020. Artículo 54. Article 54. Source: General Law of Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2017 Artículo 449. 1. Constituyen infracciones a la presente Ley de las autoridades o de las servidoras y los servidores públicos, según sea el caso, de cualquiera de los Poderes de la Unión; de los poderes locales; órganos de gobierno municipales; órganos de gobierno de la Ciudad de México; órganos autónomos, y cualquier otro ente público: e) Durante los procesos electorales, la difusión de propaganda, en cualquier medio de comunicación social, que contravenga lo dispuesto por el párrafo octavo del artículo 134 de la Constitución; f) La utilización de programas sociales y de sus recursos, del ámbito federal, estatal, municipal, o de la Ciudad de México, con la finalidad de inducir o coaccionar a las Ciudadanas y Ciudadanos para votar a favor o en contra de cualquier partido político o persona candidata. Article 449. 1. The following constitute violations of this Law by authorities or public servants, as the case may be, of any of the branches of the Union; local branches; municipal governing bodies; governing bodies of Mexico City; autonomous bodies; and any other public entity: e) During electoral processes, the dissemination of propaganda, in any means of social communication, that contravenes the provisions of the eighth paragraph of Article 134 of the Constitution; f) The use of social programs and their resources, at the federal, state, municipal, or Mexico City level, for the purpose of inducing or coercing citizens to vote for or against any political party or candidate. Source: General Law on Electoral Crimes, 2021. Artículo 7 Bis. Se impondrá de trescientos a seiscientos días multa y prisión de cuatro a nueve años a quien, utilizando bienes, fondos, servicios o beneficios relacionados con programas sociales, ejerza cualquier tipo de presión sobre el electorado para votar o abstenerse de votar por una o un candidato, partido político o coalición, o bien para participar o abstenerse de participar en eventos proselitistas, o para votar o abstenerse de votar por alguna opción durante el procedimiento de consulta popular. Article 7 Bis. A fine of three hundred to six hundred days' wages and imprisonment of four to nine years shall be imposed on anyone who, using goods, funds, services, or benefits related to social programs, exerts any type of pressure on the electorate to vote or abstain from voting for a candidate, political party, or coalition, or to participate or abstain from participating in campaign events, or to vote or abstain from voting for any option during a popular consultation process. Artículo 11. Se impondrán de doscientos a cuatrocientos días multa y prisión de dos a nueve años, al servidor público que: Artículo 11 Bis. Se impondrá de quinientos a mil días multa y prisión de cuatro a nueve años, a la servidora o servidor público que, durante el proceso electoral, use o permita el uso de los recursos A fine of two hundred to four hundred days' wages and imprisonment of two to nine years shall be imposed on any public servant who: III. Illegally allocate, use, or permit the use of funds, assets, or services at your disposal by virtue of your position to support or harm a pre-candidate, political party, coalition, political group, or candidate, without prejudice to any applicable penalties for the crime of embezzlement; IV. Provide support or render any service to a pre-candidate, political party, coalition, political group, or candidate, whether directly or through subordinates, during working hours; V. Solicit from subordinates, by any means, contributions of money or in kind to support a pre-candidate, candidate, political party, coalition, or political group. Article 11 Bis. A fine of five hundred to one thousand days' wages and imprisonment of four to nine years will be imposed on any public servant who, during the electoral process, uses or allows the use of public resources, goods, funds, services, or benefits related to social programs with the purpose of influencing the electorate to position themselves or a different public servant, pre-candidate, independent candidate, candidate, political party, or coalition before the electorate. Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023. Artículo 121. Entes impedidos para realizar aportaciones Article 121. Entities Prohibited from Making Contributions b) The agencies, entities, or bodies of the Federal, state, or municipal Public Administration, as well as those of Mexico City. c) Federal, state, and Mexico City autonomous bodies. |
14. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during a non-election specific period? |
Code
Yes, for natural persons
Comment
There is an individual limit calculated annually. Source
Source: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. Artículo 41. La ley fijará los límites a las erogaciones en los procesos internos de selección de candidatos y en las campañas electorales. La propia ley establecerá el monto máximo que tendrán las aportaciones de sus militantes y simpatizantes; ordenará los procedimientos para el control, fiscalización oportuna y vigilancia, durante la campaña, del origen y uso de todos los recursos con que cuenten; asimismo, dispondrá las sanciones que deban imponerse por el incumplimiento de estas disposiciones. Article 41. The law shall set limits on expenditures in internal candidate selection processes and electoral campaigns. The law itself shall establish the maximum amount of contributions from its members and supporters; it shall order the procedures for the control, timely auditing, and monitoring, during the campaign, of the origin and use of all available resources; it shall also stipulate the sanctions to be imposed for non-compliance with these provisions. Source: Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 56. 1. Financing not derived from public funds shall take the following forms: c) Voluntary and personal contributions made by supporters during federal and local electoral processes, and shall consist of contributions or donations, in cash or in kind, made freely and voluntarily to political parties by Mexican citizens residing in the country. 2. Private financing shall be subject to the following annual limits: c) Each political party, through the body established in Article 43, paragraph c) of this Law, shall freely determine the minimum and maximum amounts and the frequency of ordinary and extraordinary dues from its members, as well as the voluntary and personal contributions that pre-candidates and candidates make exclusively for their pre-campaigns and campaigns; and d) Contributions from supporters shall have an annual individual limit of 0.5 percent of the spending limit for the immediately preceding presidential election. |
15. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during a non-election specific period, what is the limit? |
Code
other (explain in comments in local currency)
Comment
Annual limit of 0.5% of the overall spending limit from the previous presidential election Source
Source: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. Artículo 41. La ley fijará los límites a las erogaciones en los procesos internos de selección de candidatos y en las campañas electorales. La propia ley establecerá el monto máximo que tendrán las aportaciones de sus militantes y simpatizantes; ordenará los procedimientos para el control, fiscalización oportuna y vigilancia, durante la campaña, del origen y uso de todos los recursos con que cuenten; asimismo, dispondrá las sanciones que deban imponerse por el incumplimiento de estas disposiciones. Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 56. 2. El financiamiento privado se ajustará a los siguientes límites anuales: d) Las aportaciones de simpatizantes tendrán como límite individual anual el 0.5 por ciento del tope de gasto para la elección presidencial inmediata anterior. |
16. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during an election? |
Code
Yes, for both natural and legal persons
Comment
In each election, the INE (National Electoral Institute) sets limits on donations. The limits established for the 2024 election can be found in the agreement: INE/CG592/2023 Source
Source: General Law of Political Parties, 2014 Artículo 41. La ley fijará los límites a las erogaciones en los procesos internos de selección de candidatos y en las campañas electorales. La propia ley establecerá el monto máximo que tendrán las aportaciones de sus militantes y simpatizantes; ordenará los procedimientos para el control, fiscalización oportuna y vigilancia, durante la campaña, del origen y uso de todos los recursos con que cuenten; asimismo, dispondrá las sanciones que deban imponerse por el incumplimiento de estas disposiciones. Article 41. The law shall establish limits on expenditures in internal candidate selection processes and electoral campaigns. The law itself shall establish the maximum amount of contributions from its members and supporters; it shall mandate procedures for the control, timely auditing, and monitoring, during the campaign, of the origin and use of all available resources; and it shall also stipulate the sanctions to be imposed for non-compliance with these provisions. Source: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. Artículo 56 2. El financiamiento privado se ajustará a límites anuales: Private financing will be subject to annual limits: |
17. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during an election, what is the limit? |
Code
other (explain in comments in local currency)
Comment
It is 10% of the general spending limit from the previous presidential election. In each election year, the National Electoral Institute publishes an agreement on the limits on individual contributions based on what is established by law. Source
Source: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. Artículo 41. La ley fijará los límites a las erogaciones en los procesos internos de selección de candidatos y en las campañas electorales. La propia ley establecerá el monto máximo que tendrán las aportaciones de sus militantes y simpatizantes; ordenará los procedimientos para el control, fiscalización oportuna y vigilancia, durante la campaña, del origen y uso de todos los recursos con que cuenten; asimismo, dispondrá las sanciones que deban imponerse por el incumplimiento de estas disposiciones. The law will set limits on expenditures in internal candidate selection processes and electoral campaigns. It will also establish the maximum amount of contributions from party members and supporters; mandate procedures for the control, timely auditing, and monitoring, during the campaign, of the origin and use of all available resources; and stipulate the penalties for non-compliance with these provisions. Source: General Law of Political Parties, 202 Artículo 56 2. El financiamiento privado se ajustará a los siguientes límites anuales: b) Para el caso de las aportaciones de candidatos, así como de simpatizantes durante los procesos electorales, el diez por ciento del tope de gasto para la elección presidencial inmediata anterior, para ser utilizadas en las campañas de sus candidatos; Private financing will be subject to the following annual limits: b) In the case of contributions from candidates, as well as from supporters during electoral processes, ten percent of the spending limit for the immediately preceding presidential election, to be used in the campaigns of their candidates; |
18. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate? |
Code
Yes, for legal persons
Comment
There is a donation limit for candidates, the exact amount is calculated differently for candidates affiliated to political parties and independent candidates. For party-affiliated candidates, individual donations may not exceed 10% of the overall spending limit from previous presidential elections. For independent candidates, individual contributions may not exceed 10% of the overall spending cap set for the election contested. Source
Source: General Law of Political Parties, 2014 Artículo 56. El financiamiento privado se ajustará a los siguientes límites anuales:b) Para el caso de las aportaciones de candidatos, así como de simpatizantes durante los procesos electorales, el diez por ciento del tope de gasto para la elección presidencial inmediata anterior, para ser utilizadas en las campañas de sus candidatos; Private financing will be subject to the following annual limits: b) In the case of contributions from candidates, as well as from supporters during electoral processes, ten percent of the spending limit for the immediately preceding presidential election, to be used in the campaigns of their candidates; Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Articulo 399 Article 399 Source: General Law of Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2017. Artículo 123. El financiamiento privado de los aspirantes y candidatos independientes no podrá ser superior al 10% del tope de gasto para la elección correspondiente y se constituirá de las aportaciones que realicen el aspirante o candidato independiente, respectivamente, y sus simpatizantes. Article 123. Private financing for independent candidates and aspirants may not exceed 10% of the spending limit for the corresponding election and shall consist of contributions made by the independent candidate or aspirant, respectively, and their supporters. |
19. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate, what is the limit? |
Code
other (explain in comments in local currency)
Comment
The contribution limit for party-affiliated candidates is 10% of the spending limit from the previous presidential election. The contribution limit for independent candidates may not exceed 10% of the spending cap for election contested Source
Source: General Law of Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 56 Article 56 Source: General Law of Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2017 Articulo 399 Article 399 |
20. Is there a limit on the amount a candidate can contribute to their own election campaign? |
Code
Yes, donation limit for private persons apply
Source
Source: General Law of Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 56 Article 56
Articulo 399 Article 399 Artículo 104. Control de las aportaciones de aspirantes, precandidatos, candidatos independientes y candidatos Control of contributions from aspirants, pre-candidates, independent candidates and candidates |
21. Is there a limit on in-kind donations to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
The same limits apply to in-kind donations as to monetary donations. Source
Source: General Law of Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 56. Article 56. b) Voluntary and personal contributions, in cash or in kind, made by pre-candidates and candidates exclusively for their pre-campaigns and campaigns; and c) Voluntary and personal contributions made by supporters during federal and local electoral processes, and shall consist of contributions or donations, in cash or in kind, made freely and voluntarily to political parties by Mexican citizens residing in the country. Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 106. Ingresos en especie In-Kind Contributions 2. If an in-kind contribution benefits a pre-campaign or campaign, it shall be added to the expenses in the respective reports and counted toward the corresponding spending limit. 3. If the contributed item consists of wall advertising, the contributor must submit invoices documenting the purchase of materials, design, painting, cleaning, and, where applicable, space allocation. The registration value will invariably be nominal, at the value stated in the documents. |
22. Is there a limit on in-kind donations to candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
The same limits apply to in-kind donations as to monetary donations Source
Source: General Law of Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 56. Article 56. b) Voluntary and personal contributions, in cash or in kind, made by pre-candidates and candidates exclusively for their pre-campaigns and campaigns; and c) Voluntary and personal contributions made by supporters during federal and local electoral processes, and shall consist of contributions or donations, in cash or in kind, made freely and voluntarily to political parties by Mexican citizens residing in the country. Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 405.
Artículo 106. Ingresos en especie Article 405. |
23. Is there a ban on political parties engaging in commercial activities? |
Code
Sometimes
Comment
Loans are permitted but certain restrictions apply. Political parties are not allowed to take loans to finance party activities, only to cover expenses of payroll and structure costs. Loans may only be obtained from recognized credit and financial institutions, through a direct agreement between the party and financial institution, with no intermediaries Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020. Art. 54. Los partidos políticos no podrán solicitar créditos provenientes de la banca de desarrollo para el financiamiento de sus actividades. Article 54. Political parties may not request loans from development banks to finance their activities. Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 100. De los créditos e instrumentos bancarios Article 100. On Bank Loans and Instruments 2. Contracts must be entered into directly between the party or coalition and the financial institution, without intermediaries. 3. Instruments for the disbursement of funds, such as digital wallets, debit cards, and similar instruments, must be provided directly by credit institutions and regulated entities in this area. The funds must invariably be fully identified and originate from a bank account opened specifically in the name of the party or coalition. 4. Obligated entities that choose to disburse funds through the instruments described in the preceding paragraph must compile a detailed list clearly linking each instrument's identification number to the person to whom it was delivered, who must be the ultimate recipient. This list must include, at least, the full name, current address, voter registration number, total amount, and dates the instrument was active. The information referred to in this paragraph must also be included in the agreement or contract entered into. 5. Obligated entities may only use the disbursement mechanisms described in the preceding section to cover expenses for the following items: a) Salaries and wages of personnel, fuel, per diem, and other similar expenses of personnel who have a contractual relationship with the obligated entity; b) Expenses related to party campaign structures incurred within electoral processes in relation to Article 199, paragraph 7 of these Regulations; and c) Expenses related to electoral structures in relation to Article 199, paragraph 6 of these Regulations.
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24. Is there a ban on political parties taking loans in relation to election campaigns? |
Code
Sometimes
Comment
Loans are permitted but certain restrictions apply. Political parties are not allowed to take loans to finance party activities, only to cover expenses of payroll and structure costs. Loans may only be obtained from recognized credit and financial institutions, through a direct agreement between the party and financial institution, with no intermediaries. Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020. Art. 54. Los partidos políticos no podrán solicitar créditos provenientes de la banca de desarrollo para el financiamiento de sus actividades. Art. 54. Political parties may not request loans from development banks to finance their activities. Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 100. De los créditos e instrumentos bancarios
Article 100. On Bank Loans and Instruments 2. Contracts must be entered into directly between the party or coalition and the financial institution, without intermediaries. 3. Instruments for the disbursement of funds, such as digital wallets, debit cards, and similar instruments, must be provided directly by credit institutions and regulated entities in this area. The funds must invariably be fully identified and originate from a bank account opened specifically in the name of the party or coalition. 4. Obligated entities that choose to disburse funds through the instruments described in the preceding paragraph must compile a detailed list clearly linking each instrument's identification number to the person to whom it was delivered, who must be the ultimate recipient. This list must include, at least, the full name, current address, voter registration number, total amount, and dates the instrument was active. The information referred to in this paragraph must also be included in the agreement or contract entered into. 5. Obligated entities may only use the disbursement mechanisms described in the preceding section to cover expenses for the following items: a) Salaries and wages of personnel, fuel, per diem, and other similar expenses of personnel who have a contractual relationship with the obligated entity; b) Expenses related to party campaign structures incurred within electoral processes in relation to Article 199, paragraph 7 of these Regulations; and c) Expenses related to electoral structures in relation to Article 199, paragraph 6 of these Regulations. |
25. Is there a ban on candidates taking loans in relation to election campaigns? |
Code
Sometimes
Comment
Candidates are allowed to take loans but certain restrictions apply. Source
Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 100. De los créditos e instrumentos bancarios 1. Los sujetos obligados sólo podrán obtener financiamiento de instituciones de crédito y de sociedades financieras de objeto múltiple reguladas, debidamente formalizado. a)Los sueldos y salarios del personal, combustible, viáticos y otros similares del personal que guarde relación contractual con el sujeto obligado;
Article 100. On Bank Loans and Instruments 1. Obligated entities may only obtain financing from duly formalized credit institutions and regulated multiple-purpose financial institutions. 2. Contracts must be entered into directly between the party or coalition and the financial institution, without intermediaries. 3. Instruments for the disbursement of funds, such as digital wallets, debit cards, and similar instruments, must be provided directly by credit institutions and regulated entities in this area. The funds must invariably be fully identified and originate from a bank account opened specifically in the name of the party or coalition. 4. Obligated entities that choose to disburse funds through the instruments described in the preceding paragraph must compile a detailed list clearly linking each instrument's identification number to the person to whom it was delivered, who must be the ultimate recipient. This list must include, at least, the full name, current address, voter registration number, total amount, and dates the instrument was active. The information referred to in this paragraph must also be included in the agreement or contract entered into. 5. Obligated entities may only use the disbursement mechanisms described in the preceding section to cover expenses for the following items: a) Salaries and wages of personnel, fuel, per diem, and other similar expenses of personnel who have a contractual relationship with the obligated entity; b) Expenses related to party structure and campaign activities incurred during electoral processes in relation to Article 199, paragraph 7 of these Regulations; and c) Expenses related to electoral structures in relation to Article 199, paragraph 6 of these Regulations. |
26. Is there a ban on donors to political parties/candidates participating in public tender/procurement processes? |
Code
No
Comment
In Mexico, public tenders with high budgets are focused on companies, which by law are prohibited from contributing to political financing. Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020. Artículo 54.
Article 54. |
27. Are there provisions requiring donations to go through the banking system? |
Code
Sometimes
Comment
Independent candidates are banned from receiving cash donations. Political parties and affiliated candidates are allowed, but encouraged to abstain from this practice. All cash contributions to political parties and candidates must be deposited in a bank account and require a bank record and receipt Source
Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2024. Artículo 380 Article 380 Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 102. Control de los ingresos en efectivo. Article 102. Control of Cash Receipts. All cash receipts received by obligated entities through any of the authorized financing methods must be deposited into bank accounts in their name, opened exclusively for the administration of resources related to the period or process for which the contribution is made. |
| Question | Value |
|---|---|
28. Are there provisions for direct public funding to political parties? |
Code
Yes, both regularly and in relation to campaigns
Comment
-Article 41 of the Constitution recognizes political parties as entities of public interest, thereby justifying their funding with public resources. -Political parties and independent candidates can receive public funding, but this is different for candidates for judicial elections, who are prohibited from receiving public and private funding: "Artículo 504. Corresponde al Consejo General del Instituto: VIII. Vigilar que ninguna persona candidata reciba financiamiento público o privado en sus campañas (refiere campañas al poder judicial)." "Article 504. The General Council of the Institute is responsible for: VIII. Ensuring that no candidate receives public or private funding for their campaigns (referring to campaigns to the judiciary)." Source
Source: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, 2024 Art. 41.II. La ley garantizará que los partidos políticos nacionales cuenten de manera equitativa con elementos para llevar a cabo sus actividades y señalará las reglas a que se sujetará el financiamiento de los propios partidos y sus campañas electorales, debiendo garantizar que los recursos públicos prevalezcan sobre los de origen privado. El financiamiento público para los partidos políticos que mantengan su registro después de cada elección, se compondrá de las ministraciones destinadas al sostenimiento de sus actividades ordinarias permanentes, las tendientes a la obtención del voto durante los procesos electorales y las de carácter específico. Se otorgará conforme a lo siguiente y a lo que disponga la ley: a) El financiamiento público para el sostenimiento de sus actividades ordinarias permanentes se fijará anualmente, multiplicando el número total de ciudadanos inscritos en el padrón electoral por el sesenta y cinco por ciento del valor diario de la Unidad de Medida y Actualización. El treinta por ciento de la cantidad que resulte de acuerdo a lo señalado anteriormente, se distribuirá entre los partidos políticos en forma igualitaria y el setenta por ciento restante de acuerdo con el porcentaje de votos que hubieren obtenido en la elección de diputados inmediata anterior. b) El financiamiento público para las actividades tendientes a la obtención del voto durante el año en que se elijan Presidente de la República, senadores y diputados federales, equivaldrá al cincuenta por ciento del financiamiento público que le corresponda a cada partido político por actividades ordinarias en ese mismo año; cuando sólo se elijan diputados federales, equivaldrá al treinta por ciento de dicho financiamiento por actividades ordinarias. c) El financiamiento público por actividades específicas, relativas a la educación, capacitación, investigación socioeconómica y política, así como a las tareas editoriales, equivaldrá al tres por ciento del monto total del financiamiento público que corresponda en cada año por actividades ordinarias. El treinta por ciento de la cantidad que resulte de acuerdo a lo señalado anteriormente, se distribuirá entre los partidos políticos en forma igualitaria y el setenta por ciento restante de acuerdo con el porcentaje de votos que hubieren obtenido en la elección de diputados inmediata anterior. III. Los partidos políticos nacionales tendrán derecho al uso de manera permanente de los medios de comunicación social. Los candidatos independientes tendrán derecho de acceso a prerrogativas para las campañas electorales en los términos que establezca la ley.
Article 41.II. The law shall guarantee that national political parties have equitable access to the resources necessary to carry out their activities and shall establish the rules governing the financing of the parties themselves and their electoral campaigns, ensuring that public resources prevail over those of private origin. Public funding for political parties that maintain their registration after each election shall consist of allocations for the support of their regular, ongoing activities, those aimed at obtaining votes during electoral processes, and those of a specific nature. It shall be granted in accordance with the following and as provided by law: a) Public funding for the support of their regular, ongoing activities shall be determined annually by multiplying the total number of citizens registered in the electoral roll by sixty-five percent of the daily value of the Unit of Measurement and Updating (UMA). Thirty percent of the amount calculated as above will be distributed equally among the political parties, and the remaining seventy percent will be distributed according to the percentage of votes they obtained in the immediately preceding election of deputies. b) Public funding for activities aimed at obtaining votes during the year in which the President of the Republic, senators, and federal deputies are elected will be equivalent to fifty percent of the public funding allocated to each political party for ordinary activities in that same year; when only federal deputies are elected, it will be equivalent to thirty percent of said funding for ordinary activities. c) Public funding for specific activities related to education, training, socioeconomic and political research, as well as publishing, will be equivalent to three percent of the total amount of public funding allocated each year for ordinary activities. Thirty percent of the amount calculated as above shall be distributed equally among the political parties, and the remaining seventy percent shall be distributed according to the percentage of votes they obtained in the immediately preceding election of deputies. III. National political parties shall have the right to permanent use of social media. Independent candidates shall have the right to access campaign funding as established by law.
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29. What are the eligibility criteria for political parties to receive public funding? |
Code
Registration as a political party
Comment
All registered parties are eligible for public funding. In Mexico, political parties receive public funding at the federal level and in each of the federal entities. Source
Source: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, 2024 Artículo 41. II. El financiamiento público para los partidos políticos que mantengan su registro después de cada elección, se compondrá de las ministraciones destinadas al sostenimiento de sus actividades ordinarias permanentes, las tendientes a la obtención del voto durante los procesos electorales y las de carácter específico. Article 41. II. Public funding for political parties that maintain their registration after each election shall consist of allocations for the support of their regular, ongoing activities, those aimed at obtaining votes during electoral processes, and those of a specific nature. |
30. What is the allocation calculation for political parties to receive public funding? |
Code
Proportional to votes received
Flat rate by votes received
Comment
70% of public funds are proportionally distributed among political parties based on the share of votes received in the previous election. The remaining 30% is distributed equally among all registered parties Source
Source: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, 2024 Artículo 41. (,…) a) El financiamiento público para el sostenimiento de sus actividades ordinarias permanentes se fijará anualmente, multiplicando el número total de ciudadanos inscritos en el padrón electoral por el sesenta y cinco por ciento del valor diario de la Unidad de Medida y Actualización. El treinta por ciento de la cantidad que resulte de acuerdo a lo señalado anteriormente, se distribuirá entre los partidos políticos en forma igualitaria y el setenta por ciento restante de acuerdo con el porcentaje de votos que hubieren obtenido en la elección de diputados inmediata anterior. Article 41. (…) a) Public funding for the support of their regular, ongoing activities shall be determined annually by multiplying the total number of registered voters by sixty-five percent of the daily value of the Unit of Measurement and Updating. Thirty percent of the resulting amount shall be distributed equally among the political parties, and the remaining seventy percent according to the percentage of votes they obtained in the immediately preceding election of deputies.
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31. What are the provisions on 'ear marking' direct public funding to political parties (how it should be used)? |
Code
Comment
There is special public funding to support gender work (INE/CG573/2020) Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 51. a)Para el sostenimiento de actividades ordinarias permanentes: 2. Los partidos políticos que hubieren obtenido su registro con fecha posterior a la última elección, o aquellos que habiendo conservado registro legal no cuenten con representación en alguna de las Cámaras del Congreso de la Unión o en el Congreso local, por lo que hace a los partidos locales, tendrán derecho a que se les otorgue financiamiento público conforme a las bases siguientes: 3. Las cantidades a que se refiere el inciso a) del párrafo anterior serán entregadas en la parte proporcional que corresponda a la anualidad, a partir de la fecha en que surta efectos el registro y tomando en cuenta el calendario presupuestal aprobado para el año.
Article 51. a) For the maintenance of permanent ordinary activities: 2. Political parties that obtained their registration after the last election, or those that, having retained legal registration, do not have representation in either Chamber of the Congress of the Union or in the local Congress, shall be entitled to public funding in accordance with the following bases: b) They shall participate in public funding for specific activities as entities of public interest only in the portion that is distributed equally. 3. The amounts referred to in subparagraph a) of the preceding paragraph shall be delivered in the proportional part corresponding to the fiscal year, starting from the date on which the registration takes effect and taking into account the budget calendar approved for the year. |
32. Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Source: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, 2024 Artículo 41. III. Los partidos políticos nacionales tendrán derecho al uso de manera permanente de los medios de comunicación social. Los candidatos independientes tendrán derecho de acceso a prerrogativas para las campañas electorales en los términos que establezca la ley. Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 26. Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2020 Artículo 159. 1. Los partidos políticos tienen derecho al uso de manera permanente de los medios de comunicación social.
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33. What criteria determine allocation for free or subsidized access to media for political parties? |
Code
Comment
30% Equal; 70% in proportion to share of votes in previous election. Source
Source: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, 2024 Artículo 41. III. Los partidos políticos nacionales tendrán derecho al uso de manera permanente de los medios de comunicación social. Los candidatos independientes tendrán derecho de acceso a El Instituto Nacional Electoral será autoridad única para la administración del tiempo que corresponda al Estado en radio y televisión destinado a sus propios fines y a ejercicio del derecho de los partidos políticos nacionales, de acuerdo con lo siguiente y a lo que establezcan las leyes: a) A partir del inicio de las precampañas y hasta el día de la jornada electoral quedarán a disposición del Instituto Nacional Electoral cuarenta y ocho minutos diarios, que serán distribuidos en dos y hasta tres minutos por cada hora de transmisión en cada estación de radio y canal de televisión, en el horario referido en el inciso d) de este apartado. En el período comprendido entre el fin de las precampañas y el inicio de las campañas, el cincuenta por ciento de los tiempos en radio y televisión se destinará a los fines propios de las autoridades electorales, y el resto a la difusión de mensajes genéricos de los partidos políticos, conforme a lo que establezca la ley; b) Durante sus precampañas, los partidos políticos dispondrán en conjunto de un minuto por cada hora de transmisión en cada estación de radio y canal de televisión; el tiempo restante se utilizará conforme a lo que determine la ley; d) Las transmisiones en cada estación de radio y canal de televisión se distribuirán dentro del horario de programación comprendido entre las seis y las veinticuatro horas;
Article 41. III. National political parties shall have the right to the permanent use of social media. Independent candidates shall have the right to access prerogatives for electoral campaigns under the terms established by law. Section A. The National Electoral Institute shall be the sole authority for the administration of the airtime allocated to the State on radio and television for its own purposes and for the exercise of the rights of national political parties, in accordance with the following and as established by law: a) From the start of the pre-campaign period until election day, forty-eight minutes per day shall be made available to the National Electoral Institute, distributed as two to three minutes per hour of broadcast on each radio station and television channel, during the hours referred to in subsection d) of this section. In the period between the end of the pre-campaigns and the start of the campaigns, fifty percent of the airtime on radio and television shall be allocated to the purposes of the electoral authorities, and the remainder to the dissemination of generic messages from political parties, in accordance with the law; b) During their pre-campaigns, political parties shall collectively have one minute per hour of broadcast time on each radio station and television channel; the remaining time shall be used as determined by law; c) During the electoral campaigns, at least eighty-five percent of the total available airtime referred to in subsection a) of this section must be allocated to cover the rights of political parties and candidates; d) Broadcasts on each radio station and television channel shall be distributed within the programming hours between 6:00 a.m. and midnight; e) The time established as a right of political parties and, where applicable, of independent candidates, will be distributed among them as follows: seventy percent will be distributed among the political parties according to the results of the immediately preceding election for federal deputies and the remaining thirty percent will be divided into equal parts, of which up to one of them may be assigned to the independent candidates as a whole; -- Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2024 Artículo 167. 1. Durante las precampañas y campañas electorales federales, el tiempo en radio y televisión, convertido a número de mensajes, asignable a los partidos políticos, se distribuirá entre ellos conforme al siguiente criterio: treinta por ciento del total en forma igualitaria y el setenta por ciento restante en proporción al porcentaje de votos, obtenido por cada partido político en la elección para diputados federales inmediata anterior. Article 167. 1. During federal pre-campaigns and campaigns, the radio and television airtime allocated to political parties, converted to the number of messages, shall be distributed among them according to the following criteria: thirty percent of the total equally, and the remaining seventy percent in proportion to the percentage of votes obtained by each political party in the immediately preceding election for federal deputies. |
34. Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Candidates have a right to free media access. Independent candidates have subsidized access to television and radion only during an election campaign. The parties have a strong influence on the decision to allocate television and radio time to their candidates. Source
Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2020 Artículo 159. Artículo 412.
Article 159. 2. Political parties, pre-candidates, and candidates for elected office shall have access to radio and television airtime for the period granted to them by the Constitution, in the manner and terms established by this chapter. When political violence against women is proven in the exercise of the prerogatives indicated in this chapter, the General Council shall proceed immediately in accordance with the provisions of Article 163. Article 412. 2. Independent candidates shall only have access to radio and television during the election campaign. |
35. Are there provisions for any other form of indirect public funding? |
Code
Yes
Comment
In Mexico, indirect public funding is considered to include free media space, tax subsidies, support for postal delivery, and the loan of public spaces for events. Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 66. 1. Los partidos políticos nacionales no son sujetos de los impuestos y derechos siguientes: a) Los relacionados con las rifas y sorteos que celebren previa autorización legal, y con las ferias, festivales y otros eventos que tengan por objeto allegarse recursos para el cumplimiento de sus fines; 1. Las franquicias postales se sujetarán a las siguientes reglas: .... Artículo 71. 2. Las franquicias telegráficas se otorgarán exclusivamente para su utilización dentro del territorio nacional y se sujetarán a las siguientes reglas: .... Article 66. 1. National political parties are not subject to the following taxes and duties: a) Those related to raffles and lotteries held with prior legal authorization, and to fairs, festivals, and other events held to raise funds for the fulfillment of their purposes; b) Income tax on their taxable profits from the sale of real estate acquired for the exercise of their specific functions, as well as income from donations in cash or in kind; d) Any other taxes and duties established by applicable legal provisions. Article 69. 1. Postal franchises shall be subject to the following rules: .... Article 71. 2. Telegraph franchises shall be granted exclusively for use within the national territory and shall be subject to the following rules: .... Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures , 2017 Artículo 244. 1. Las reuniones públicas realizadas por los partidos políticos y los candidatos registrados se regirán por lo dispuesto en el artículo 9o. de la Constitución y no tendrán más límite que el respeto a los derechos de terceros, en particular los de otros partidos y candidatos, así como las disposiciones que para el ejercicio de la garantía de reunión y la preservación del orden público dicte la autoridad administrativa competente. Article 244. 1. Public meetings held by political parties and registered candidates shall be governed by the provisions of Article 9 of the Constitution and shall be limited only by respect for the rights of third parties, particularly those of other parties and candidates, as well as the provisions issued by the competent administrative authority for the exercise of the right to assembly and the preservation of public order. 2. In cases where the authorities grant political parties or candidates the free use of enclosed public premises, the following shall apply: |
36. Is the provision of direct public funding to political parties tied to gender equality among candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Incentives are in place for political parties to comply with gender equality legislation. If political parties mismanage the public funds earmarked for gender activities and development of female leadership, they risk de-registration. In addition, political parties risk losing up to 50% of their allocated public funds for any infractions related to non-compliance with obligations to prevent, address and eradicate political violence against women on the basis of gender. Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 73. a) La realización de investigaciones que tengan como finalidad informar a la ciudadanía de la evolución, desarrollo, avances, y cualquier tema de interés relacionado con el liderazgo político de la mujer; |
37. Are there provisions for other financial advantages to encourage gender equality in political parties? |
Code
Yes, funds earmarked for gender activities
Comment
3% of regularly provided public funding is earmarked towards female leadership development within the political parties. There is also a criminal penalty for anyone who limits the funding that candidates are entitled to receive. Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Art. 51. 1. Los partidos políticos tendrán derecho al financiamiento público de sus actividades, estructura, sueldos y salarios, independientemente de las demás prerrogativas otorgadas en esta Ley, conforme a las disposiciones siguientes: Artículo 73. 1. Los partidos políticos podrán aplicar los recursos destinados para la capacitación, promoción y el desarrollo del liderazgo político de las mujeres, en los rubros siguientes:
Article 51. 1. Political parties shall be entitled to public funding for their activities, structure, salaries, and wages, independently of the other prerogatives granted in this Law, in accordance with the following provisions: Article 73. 1. Political parties may apply the resources allocated for the training, promotion, and development of women's political leadership to the following items:
Additional remarks: Article 20 Bis. The crime of political violence against women based on gender is committed by anyone who, directly or through an intermediary: VII. Limits or denies a woman the granting or exercise of resources or prerogatives, in accordance with the law, for the performance of her duties, employment, position, commission, or with the purpose of limiting the exercise of her political and electoral rights; IX. Limits or denies a woman the right to receive remuneration for the performance of her duties, employment, position, or commission; |
| Question | Value |
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38. Is there a ban on vote buying? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Vote buying is considered an electoral crime, and the penalty is a fine and prison sentence. Source
Source: General Law on Electoral Crimes, 2021 Artículo 7. Se impondrán de cincuenta a cien días multa y prisión de seis meses a tres años, a quien: VII. Solicite votos por paga, promesa de dinero u otra contraprestación, o bien mediante violencia o amenaza, presione a otro a asistir a eventos proselitistas, o a votar o abstenerse de votar por un candidato, partido político o coalición, durante la campaña electoral, el día de la jornada electoral o en los tres días previos a la misma. Art. 9. Se impondrán de cien a doscientos días multa y prisión de dos a seis años, al funcionario partidista o al candidato que: VIII. Durante la etapa de preparación de la elección o en la jornada electoral, solicite votos por paga, promesa de dinero, recompensa o cualquier otra contraprestación;
Article 7. A fine of fifty to one hundred days' wages and imprisonment of six months to three years shall be imposed on anyone who: VII. Solicits votes in exchange for payment, a promise of money, or other consideration, or who, through violence or threats, pressures another person to attend campaign events, or to vote or abstain from voting for a candidate, political party, or coalition, during the election campaign, on election day, or in the three days prior to it. Art. 9. A fine of one hundred to two hundred days' wages and imprisonment of two to six years shall be imposed on any party official or candidate who: VIII. During the election preparation stage or on election day, solicits votes in exchange for payment, a promise of money, a reward, or any other consideration;
Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2020 Artículo 7. 2. El voto es universal, libre, secreto, directo, personal e intransferible. Quedan prohibidos los actos que generen presión o coacción a los electores. 2. Voting is universal, free, secret, direct, personal, and non-transferable. Any acts that exert pressure or coercion on voters are prohibited. |
39. Are there limits on the amount a political party can spend? |
Code
Yes
Comment
The spending limit is determined by the National Electoral Institute’s General Council, considering a formula that is defined in the law. Source
Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2024 Artículo 243.
Article 243. |
40. If there are limits on the amount a political party can spend, what is the limit? |
Code
other (explain in comments in local currency)
Comment
The spending limit is calculated and varies for each election and office contested Source
Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2024 Artículo 243. 4. El Consejo General, en la determinación de los topes de gastos de campaña, aplicará las siguientes reglas: a) Para la elección de Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, a más tardar el día último de octubre del año anterior al de la elección, procederá en los siguientes términos:
Article 243. 4. The General Council, in determining campaign spending limits, shall apply the following rules: a) For the election of the President of the United Mexican States, no later than the last day of October of the year preceding the election, it shall proceed as follows: |
41. Are there limits on the amount a candidate can spend? |
Code
Yes
Comment
The spending limits for the 2024 elections can be found in the INE agreement:INE/CG554/2023 Source
Source: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, 2024 Artículo 41.II.C. La ley fijará los límites a las erogaciones en los procesos internos de selección de candidatos y en las campañas electorales. La propia ley establecerá el monto máximo que tendrán las aportaciones de sus militantes y simpatizantes; ordenará los procedimientos para el control, fiscalización oportuna y vigilancia, durante la campaña, del origen y uso de todos los recursos con que cuenten; asimismo, dispondrá las sanciones que deban imponerse por el incumplimiento de estas disposiciones. Article 41.II.C. The law shall establish limits on expenditures in internal candidate selection processes and electoral campaigns. The law itself shall establish the maximum amount of contributions from its members and supporters; it shall mandate procedures for the control, timely auditing, and monitoring, during the campaign, of the origin and use of all available resources; and it shall also stipulate the sanctions to be imposed for non-compliance with these provisions. Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2024 Artículo 243. Artículo 504. IX (elección al Poder Judicial) Determinar los topes máximos de gastos personales de campaña aplicables para cada candidatura y establecer las reglas de fiscalización y formatos para comprobar dicha información;
Article 243. Article 504. IX (Judicial Branch Elections) Determine the maximum limits for personal campaign expenses applicable to each candidacy and establish the auditing rules and formats for verifying such information;
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42. If there are limits on the amount a candidate can spend, what is the limit? |
Code
other (explain in comments in local currency)
Comment
The spending limit is calculated and varies for each election and office contested. Source
Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2024. Artículo 243. 4. El Consejo General, en la determinación de los topes de gastos de campaña, aplicará las siguientes reglas: a) Para la elección de Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, a más tardar el día último de octubre del año anterior al de la elección, se procederá en los siguientes términos: Artículo 504. IX (elección al Poder Judicial) Determinar los topes máximos de gastos personales de campaña aplicables para cada candidatura y establecer las reglas de fiscalización y formatos para comprobar dicha información; Article 243. 4. The General Council, in determining the campaign spending limits, shall apply the following rules: a) For the election of the President of the United Mexican States, no later than the last day of October of the year preceding the election, the following procedure shall apply: Article 504. IX (Election to the Judiciary) Determine the maximum limits for personal campaign expenditures applicable to each candidacy and establish the auditing rules and formats for verifying said information; |
43. Are there limits on the amount that third parties can spend on election campaign activities? |
Code
Yes, third parties banned from campaign spending
Comment
There are criminal penalties for those who receive prohibited funds or make campaign expenses prohibited by law. Source
Source: General Law on Electoral Crimes, 2021. Artículo 159. 5. Ninguna persona física o moral, sea a título propio o por cuenta de terceros, podrá contratar propaganda en radio y televisión dirigida a influir en las preferencias electorales de los ciudadanos, ni a favor o en contra de partidos políticos o de candidatos a cargos de elección popular. Queda prohibida la transmisión en territorio nacional de este tipo de propaganda contratada en el extranjero. Las infracciones a lo establecido en este párrafo serán sancionadas en los términos dispuestos en esta Ley. 5. No individual or legal entity, whether acting on their own behalf or on behalf of third parties, may contract for radio or television advertising aimed at influencing citizens' electoral preferences, either for or against political parties or candidates for elected office. The transmission within the national territory of this type of advertising contracted abroad is prohibited. Violations of the provisions of this paragraph will be sanctioned in accordance with the terms established in this Law. Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2024. Artículo 504. 1. Corresponde al Consejo General del Instituto: X. Garantizar que ninguna persona candidata contrate por sí o por interpósita persona espacios en radio y televisión, Internet o cualquier otro medio de comunicación para promocionar sus candidaturas; Artículo 507. 1. Queda estrictamente prohibida la entrega de cualquier tipo de material en el que se oferte o entregue algún beneficio directo, indirecto, mediato o inmediato, en especie o efectivo, a través de cualquier sistema que implique la entrega de un bien o servicio, ya sea por sí o interpósita persona. Dichas conductas serán sancionadas de conformidad con esta Ley y se presumirá como indicio de presión al electorado para obtener su voto. Artículo 7. Se impondrán de cincuenta a cien días multa y prisión de seis meses a tres años, a quien: XVIII. Por sí o interpósita persona, proporcione fondos provenientes del extranjero a un partido político, coalición, agrupación política o candidato para apoyar actos proselitistas dentro de una campaña electoral;
1. The General Council of the Institute is responsible for: X. Ensuring that no candidate, either directly or through an intermediary, contracts for airtime on radio, television, the Internet, or any other media outlet to promote their candidacy; Article 507. 1. The distribution of any type of material offering or providing any direct, indirect, immediate, or future benefit, in kind or in cash, through any system involving the delivery of a good or service, whether directly or through an intermediary, is strictly prohibited. Such conduct will be sanctioned in accordance with this Law and will be presumed as evidence of voter coercion. Article 7. A fine of fifty to one hundred days' wages and imprisonment of six months to three years will be imposed on anyone who: XVIII. Directly or through an intermediary, provides funds from abroad to a political party, coalition, political group, or candidate to support campaign activities within an electoral campaign; XX. Provide goods and services to electoral campaigns without being part of the register of suppliers authorized by the administrative electoral body. |
44. Are there limits on traditional media advertising spending in relation to election campaigns? |
Code
Yes, for candidates
Yes, for political parties
Comment
In Mexico, political parties or candidates are prohibited from paying for advertising on television or radio. Source
Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2024 Artículo 243. Para los efectos de este artículo quedarán comprendidos dentro de los topes de gasto los siguientes conceptos: a) Gastos de propaganda: I. Comprenden los realizados en bardas, mantas, volantes, pancartas, equipos de sonido, eventos políticos realizados en lugares alquilados, propaganda utilitaria y otros similares; Article 243. For the purposes of this article, the following items shall be included within the spending limits: a) Advertising expenses: I. These include expenses for billboards, banners, flyers, posters, sound equipment, political events held in rented venues, promotional items, and similar items; c) Advertising expenses in newspapers, magazines, and other print media: d) Production expenses for radio and television messages:
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45. Are there limits on online media advertising spending in relation to election campaigns? |
Code
Yes, for candidates
Yes, for political parties
Comment
Online media advertising is included in the overall definition of "propaganda" according to the Electoral Auditing Rules. As per Article 243 of the General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, all spending considered "propaganda" counts toward the spending limit. Source
Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 243. 2. Para los efectos de este artículo quedarán comprendidos dentro de los topes de gasto los siguientes conceptos: Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2024 Artículo 143. Control de gastos de propaganda 1. Los sujetos obligados deberán elaborar un aviso de la propaganda consistente en diarios, revistas y otros medios impresos, gastos de producción de mensajes para radio y televisión, anuncios espectaculares colocados en la vía pública y propaganda en salas de cine y en internet, que haya sido publicada, colocada o exhibida durante el periodo de precampaña, campaña u ordinario y que aún no haya sido pagada por el partido al momento de la presentación de sus informes, especificando el número de póliza de diario con la que se abonó el pasivo correspondiente con cargo a gastos de campaña, así como la orden de servicio expedida por el proveedor o alguna otra documentación que ampare dichos pasivos, en la cual deberá especificarse el importe del servicio prestado. Artículo 199. De los conceptos de campaña y acto de campaña 4. Se entenderán como gastos de campaña los siguientes conceptos: e) Gastos de anuncios pagados en internet: Comprenden los realizados en inserciones, banners, tweets, anuncios, cuentas de redes sociales, páginas de Internet, así como otros similares por los que se haya efectuado un gasto y tengan como finalidad promover la campaña de un partido político o candidato
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46. Do any other restrictions on online media advertisement (beyond limits) exist? |
Code
No
Comment
No other limits are in place, however, political parties and candidates must provide a detailed expense report. Source
Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 143. d) En el caso de la propaganda contratada en internet: I. La empresa con la que se contrató la colocación. Article 143. d) In the case of advertising placed online: I. The company contracted for placement. II. The dates on which the advertising was placed. III. The email addresses where the advertising was placed. IV. The journal entry number used to create the corresponding liability. V. The unit price of each type of advertising placed, as well as the Value Added Tax (VAT) for each. VI. The pre-candidate, aspirants, candidate, or independent candidate who benefited. VII. In the case of subcontracting to a foreign provider, a detailed breakdown of the expenses for the services provided between the intermediary contracted by the obligated party and the final service provider must be submitted, along with the payment amount and the documentation referred to in Article 261, paragraph 5. |
| Question | Value |
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47. Do political parties have to report regularly on their finances? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Parties are required to submit both quarterly and yearly reports to electoral authorities Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 41 II. La ley fijará los límites a las erogaciones en los procesos internos de selección de candidatos y en las campañas electorales. La propia ley establecerá el monto máximo que tendrán las aportaciones de sus militantes y simpatizantes; ordenará los procedimientos para el control, fiscalización oportuna y vigilancia, durante la campaña, del origen y uso de todos los recursos con que cuenten; asimismo, dispondrá las sanciones que deban imponerse por el incumplimiento de estas disposiciones. Source: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, 2024 Artículo 78. 1. Los partidos políticos deberán de presentar sus informes trimestrales y de gastos ordinarios bajo las directrices siguientes: a) Informes trimestrales de avance del ejercicio: I. Serán presentados a más tardar dentro de los treinta días siguientes a la conclusión del trimestre que corresponda; b) Informes anuales de gasto ordinario: I. Serán presentados a más tardar dentro de los sesenta días siguientes al último día de diciembre del año del ejercicio que se reporte;
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48. Do political parties have to report on their election campaign finances? |
Code
Yes
Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 78. 1. Los partidos políticos deberán de presentar sus informes trimestrales y de gastos ordinarios bajo las directrices siguientes: b) Informes de Campaña: I. Deberán ser presentados por los partidos políticos, para cada una de las campañas en las elecciones respectivas, especificando los gastos que el partido político y el candidato hayan realizado en el ámbito territorial correspondiente; II. El candidato es responsable solidario del cumplimiento de los informes de gastos que se refieren en el inciso anterior, y III. Los partidos políticos presentarán informes de ingresos y gastos por periodos de treinta días contados a partir de que dé inicio la etapa de campaña, los cuales deberán entregar a la Unidad Técnica dentro de los siguientes tres días concluido cada periodo. Article 78. 1. Political parties must submit their quarterly and ordinary expenditure reports according to the following guidelines: b) Campaign Reports: I. Political parties must submit these reports for each campaign in the respective elections, specifying the expenditures incurred by the political party and the candidate within the corresponding territorial jurisdiction; II. The candidate is jointly and severally liable for compliance with the expenditure reports referred to in the preceding paragraph; and III. Political parties must submit income and expenditure reports for thirty-day periods, beginning from the start of the campaign period, which must be delivered to the Technical Unit within three days of the end of each period. |
49. Do candidates have to report on their election campaign finances? |
Code
Yes
Source
Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 78. 1.Los partidos políticos deberán de presentar sus informes trimestrales y de gastos ordinarios bajo las directrices siguientes: b) Informes de Campaña: I. Deberán ser presentados por los partidos políticos, para cada una de las campañas en las elecciones respectivas, especificando los gastos que el partido político y el candidato hayan realizado en el ámbito territorial correspondiente; II. El candidato es responsable solidario del cumplimiento de los informes de gastos que se refieren en el inciso anterior Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 243. Sujetos obligados 1. Se deberá presentar un informe por cada una de las campañas en que el partido, coalición o candidato independiente haya contendido a nivel federal o local, especificando los gastos ejercidos en el ámbito territorial correspondiente; así como el origen de los recursos que se hayan utilizado para financiar la campaña. En consecuencia, de acuerdo con las elecciones federales y locales registradas, deberán presentar: a) Informe por la campaña del candidato a Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. 2. Los candidatos por el principio de representación proporcional que realicen gastos de campaña, deberán presentar el informe respectivo. -Detailed reporting guidance can be found at: https://portalanterior.ine.mx/archivos2/tutoriales/sistemas/ApoyoInstitucional/SIFv2/rsc/docs/guia_informes_campania.pdf |
50. Do third parties have to report on election campaign finances? |
Code
Third parties are banned from participating in campaigns
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51. Is information in reports from political parties and/or candidates to be made public? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Source: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, 2024 A. Para el ejercicio del derecho de acceso a la información, la Federación y las entidades federativas, en el ámbito de sus respectivas competencias, se regirán por los siguientes principios y bases: I. Toda la información en posesión de cualquier autoridad, entidad, órgano y organismo de los Poderes Ejecutivo, Legislativo y Judicial, órganos autónomos, partidos políticos,... es pública y sólo podrá ser reservada temporalmente por razones de interés público y seguridad nacional, en los términos que fijen las leyes. En la interpretación de este derecho deberá prevalecer el principio de máxima publicidad... Artículo 41. I. El Instituto Nacional Electoral tendrá competencia para conocer de los asuntos relacionados con el acceso a la información pública y la protección de datos personales a cargo de los partidos políticos; también conocerá de los recursos de revisión que interpongan los particulares respecto Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo. 6 El Estado garantizará el efectivo acceso de toda persona a la información en posesión de cualquier autoridad, agencia, comisión, comité, corporación, ente, entidad, institución, órgano, organismo o equivalente de los poderes Ejecutivo, Legislativo y Judicial de los tres niveles de gobierno, órganos constitucionalmente autónomos, partidos políticos, fideicomisos y fondos públicos, así como de cualquier persona física, moral o sindicato que reciba y ejerza recursos públicos o realice actos de autoridad de la Federación, de las entidades federativas, de los municipios o demarcaciones territoriales de la Ciudad de México. Artículo 70 Los órganos autónomos, además de lo señalado en el artículo 65 de la presente Ley, deberán poner a disposición del público y actualizar la información siguiente: l) Los informes que estén obligados a entregar en términos de lo dispuesto en la presente Ley, el estado de la situación patrimonial del partido político, el inventario de los bienes inmuebles de los que sean propietarios, tengan arrendados o estén en su posesión bajo cualquier figura jurídica, así como los anexos que formen parte integrante de los documentos anteriores, la relación de donantes y los montos aportados por cada uno.
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52. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates reveal the identity of donors? |
Code
Yes
Source
Source: General Law on Political Parties, 2020 Artículo 56. 3. Los partidos políticos deberán expedir recibos foliados en los que se hagan constar el nombre completo y domicilio, clave de elector y, en su caso, Registro Federal de Contribuyentes del aportante. Para el caso de que la aportación se realice con cheque o transferencia bancaria, la cuenta de origen deberá estar a nombre del aportante. Invariablemente las aportaciones o cuotas deberán depositarse en cuentas bancarias a nombre del partido político, de conformidad con lo que establezca el Reglamento.
Article 56. 3. Political parties must issue numbered receipts stating the full name and address, voter registration number, and, if applicable, Federal Taxpayer Registry number of the contributor. If the contribution is made by check or bank transfer, the originating account must be in the contributor's name. All contributions or dues must be deposited into bank accounts in the name of the political party, in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations.
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53. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates include information on itemized income? |
Code
Yes
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54. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates include information on itemized spending? |
Code
Yes
Source
Source: Electoral Auditing Rules, 2023 Artículo 127. Documentación de los egresos 1. Los egresos deberán registrarse contablemente y estar soportados con la documentación original expedida a nombre del sujeto obligado. Dicha documentación deberá cumplir con requisitos fiscales.
Article 127. Documentation of Expenditures 1. Expenditures must be recorded in the accounting records and supported by original documentation issued in the name of the obligated party. This documentation must comply with tax requirements. 2. Expenditures must be recorded in accordance with the provisions of Article 60 of the Law on Political Parties, the accounting guidelines, and the chart of accounts described in the General Accounting Manual. 3. The accounting record of all expenditures related to pre-campaign activities, the period for obtaining citizen support, and the campaign itself must indicate the date of the event and the amount involved in the description of the journal entry through the Online Accounting System. For the accounting record of expenses related to political events, the event identifier assigned in the registry referred to in Article 143 bis of these Regulations must be indicated for each recorded expenditure.
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55. Which institution(s) receives financial reports from political parties and/or candidates? |
Code
EMB
Comment
The National Electoral Institute is in charge of receiving financial reports Source
Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2020 Artículo 32. 1. El Instituto tendrá las siguientes atribuciones: a) Para los procesos electorales federales y locales: VI. La fiscalización de los ingresos y egresos de los partidos políticos y candidatos. Article 32. 1. The Institute shall have the following powers: a) For federal and local electoral processes: VI. The auditing of the income and expenditures of political parties and candidates.
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56. Which institution(s) is responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations? |
Code
Special agency for political finance
Comment
In the case of irregular financing, the electoral prosecutor's office may investigate. Source
Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2020 Artículo 32. 1. El Instituto tendrá las siguientes atribuciones: a) Para los procesos electorales federales y locales: VI. La fiscalización de los ingresos y egresos de los partidos políticos y candidatos.
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57. What power is granted to the institution(s) responsible for examining reports and/or investigating violations? |
Code
Impose sanctions
Comment
The National Electoral Institute in charge of the overall financial oversight and has the power to impose sanctions through its entity the General Council, and to carry out. The National Electoral Institute is empowered in its investigation process to request information from tax, money laundering and banking institutions about the origin and destination of the resources used in political campaigns. investigations through the Technical Auditing Unit. In the case of irregular electoral financing or spending, the Electoral Prosecutor's Office imposes prison sentences on the candidates. Source
Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2024. Articulo 41. - La fiscalización de las finanzas de los partidos políticos y de las campañas de los candidatos estará a cargo del Consejo General del Instituto Nacional Electoral. La ley desarrollará las atribuciones del Consejo para la realización de dicha función, así como la definición de los órganos técnicos dependientes del mismo, responsables de realizar las revisiones e instruir los procedimientos para la aplicación de las sanciones correspondientes. En el cumplimiento de sus atribuciones, el Consejo General no estará limitado por los secretos bancario, fiduciario y fiscal, y contará con el apoyo de las autoridades federales y locales Source: Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, 2019. Chapter IV De la Comisión de Fiscalización Chapter V De la Unidad Técnica de Fiscalización de la De la Comisión de Fiscalización
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58. What sanctions are provided for political finance infractions? |
Code
Comment
Depending on the seriousness of the offense, political parties can be sanctioned with a reduction of up to 50% of their allocated public funds for any infractions related to non-compliance with obligations to prevent, address and eradicate political violence against women on the basis of gender. The mismanagement and abuse of state resources earmarked for gender activities and the development of female leadership is considered a serious offense, penalized, and can lead to the de-registration of a political party. Source
Source: General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures, 2020. Artículo 456. 1. Las infracciones señaladas en los artículos anteriores serán sancionadas conforme a lo siguiente: a) Respecto de los partidos políticos: 1. The violations specified in the preceding articles shall be sanctioned as follows: a) With respect to political parties: II. With a fine of up to ten thousand times the current general minimum daily wage for Mexico City, depending on the severity of the violation. In cases of violations of the provisions regarding campaign spending limits, or the applicable limits on donations or contributions from supporters, or from candidates for their own campaigns, with an amount equal to the amount spent in excess. In case of recidivism, the sanction shall be up to double the aforementioned amount; III. Depending on the severity of the violation, with a reduction of up to fifty percent of the public funding allocated to them, for the period specified in the resolution; In the case of violations related to non-compliance with obligations to prevent, address, and eradicate gender-based political violence against women, depending on the severity of the offense, sanctions may include a reduction of up to 50% of the public funding allocated to them, for the period specified in the resolution; IV. The interruption of the transmission of political or electoral propaganda broadcast within the time allotted by the Institute, in violation of the provisions of this Law; and V. In cases of serious and repeated violations of the Constitution and this Law, especially regarding their obligations concerning the origin and destination of their resources, as well as those related to non-compliance with obligations to prevent, address, and eradicate gender-based political violence against women, the cancellation of their registration as a political party. Source: General Law on Electoral Crimes, 2021. Artículo 7. Se impondrán de cincuenta a cien días multa y prisión de seis meses a tres años, a quien: XVIII. Por sí o interpósita persona, proporcione fondos provenientes del extranjero a un partido político, coalición, agrupación política o candidato para apoyar actos proselitistas dentro deuna campaña electoral; Se impondrá de quinientos a mil días multa y prisión de cuatro a nueve años, a la servidora o servidor público que, durante el proceso electoral, use o permita el uso de los recursos públicos, bienes, fondos, servicios, o beneficios relacionados con programas sociales con la finalidad de Artículo 15. Se impondrá de mil a cinco mil días multa y de cinco a quince años de prisión al que por sí o por interpósita persona realice, destine, utilice o reciba aportaciones de dinero o en especie a Article 7. A fine of fifty to one hundred days' wages and imprisonment of six months to three years shall be imposed on anyone who: XVIII. Directly or through an intermediary, provides funds from abroad to a political party, coalition, political group, or candidate to support campaign activities within an electoral campaign; XIV. Issues or uses invoices or supporting documents for expenses of a political party or candidate, altering the actual cost of the goods or services provided; Article 9. A fine of one hundred to two hundred days' wages and imprisonment of two to six years shall be imposed on any party official or candidate who: VII. Fails to render accounts or provide verification or justification for ordinary expenses or campaign event expenses of any political party, coalition, national political group, or candidate, once legally required to do so within the scope of their authority; X. Uses invoices or supporting documents for expenses of a political party or candidate, altering the actual cost of the goods or services provided. Article 11. A fine of two hundred to four hundred days' wages and imprisonment of two to nine years shall be imposed on any public servant who: III. Illegally allocates, uses, or permits the use of funds, assets, or services at their disposal by virtue of their position, to support or harm a pre-candidate, political party, coalition, political group, or candidate, without prejudice to any penalties that may apply for the crime of embezzlement; Article 11 Bis. A fine of five hundred to one thousand days' wages and imprisonment of four to nine years shall be imposed on any public servant who, during the electoral process, uses or permits the use of public resources, assets, funds, services, or benefits related to social programs for the purpose of influencing the electorate to position themselves or another public servant, pre-candidate, independent candidate, candidate, political party, or coalition before the electorate. Article 15. A fine of one thousand to five thousand days' wages and imprisonment of five to fifteen years shall be imposed on anyone who, directly or through an intermediary, makes, allocates, uses, or receives contributions of money or in kind in favor of any pre-candidate, candidate, political party, coalition, or political group when there is a legal prohibition against doing so, or when the funds or assets have an illicit origin, or in amounts that exceed those permitted by law. The penalty provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be increased by up to one half when the conduct is carried out in support of a pre-campaign or electoral campaign. |