Pakistan - May 2025

India and Pakistan exchanged drone, artillery, and missile attacks in May in what were the deadliest hostilities between the two countries in decades. Dozens were reportedly killed on both sides in a conflict which began with a terror attack in India by (allegedly) Pakistani-backed militants on 22 April. India responded with strikes on 7 May on what it said was ‘terrorist infrastructure’ in Pakistan. Pakistan denied that it supported the militants and launched attacks of its own on Indian territory. Attacks by both countries continued until a ceasefire on 10 May, and no further violence has occurred (as of mid-June) since the two states agreed to withdraw troops and open lines of communication between military leaders on 12 May. The outbreak of violence was the deadliest fighting between the two countries since the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War and the first since both countries obtained nuclear weapons. 

Sources:  Foreign Affairs, CSIS, Al Jazeera