Indonesia - September 2026

On 22 September 2026, Indonesia's parliament passed a long-awaited Agrarian Reform Law aimed at accelerating land redistribution, improving land registration, and resolving longstanding land tenure disputes. The law establishes a central body for managing the reforms directly accountable to the president. The government argued that the legislation would strengthen legal certainty for and better protect the rights of farmers and rural communities. The lack of a centralized system for resolving land disputes has reportedly resulted in 3,234 legal conflicts concerning 7.4 million hectares and 1.8 million households between 2015 and 2024. Some civil society organizations, environmental groups, and Indigenous rights advocates expressed reservations, noting problems enforcing existing frameworks and a lack of clear appeal and oversight mechanisms.