Slovakia - September 2025

On 26 September, the Slovak Parliament passed a package of constitutional amendments with 90 votes in favor, meeting exactly the three-fifths majority required for constitutional changes. Framed as an assertion of Slovakia’s sovereignty in matters of national identity, the amendments prohibit surrogacy, restrict adoption to married heterosexual couples, and add a provision defining sex as strictly male or female as determined at birth. Among the amendments is an explicit constitutional guarantee of ‘equal pay for equal work’ for men and women. 

Sources: Slov Lex, Council of Europe, Reuters, Al Jazeera, Amnesty International