In the month of June, the Technical Commission for the Implementation of the Political Commitment for an Inclusive National Dialogue (COTE) launched public hearings across the country to debate proposals for political and institutional reform. The transition from consultations to debate on specific governance and constitutional proposals marks an important stage in Mozambique's post-election dialogue process. COTE presented three alternative scenarios for Mozambique's future political organization, ranging from limited adjustments to the current system to more far-reaching constitutional and state reforms, including changes to electoral arrangements and institutional structures. Public hearings were scheduled for July and August to gather citizen input before identifying a preferred reform pathway. However, civil-society groups have warned that public trust in the process remains fragile and that the credibility of future reforms will depend on inclusive participation and effective implementation. 

Sources: Africa News Hut; 360 Mozambique (1); 360 Mozambique (2); DW  

On 24 April, Parliament unanimously approved amendments to the country's provincial governance framework, abolishing the provincial State Representation Services and transferring their functions to the Provincial Executives, headed by the elected Provincial Governors. The reform traces to a functional-effectiveness review launched by former President Filipe Nyusi in 2023 through the Commission for Reflection on the Decentralized Governance Model (CREMOD), which found persistent overlap and friction between governors and provincial secretaries of state. The unanimous approval by all four parliamentary parties — Frelimo, Podemos, Renamo and MDM — signals rare cross-party consensus in a political system often marked by tension between Frelimo and the opposition. 

Sources: Press Reader; Plataforma; Club of Mozambique 

The UN’s International Organisation for Migration reported on 5 August that in the preceding two weeks nearly 60,000 people had been displaced from Mozambique's northern Cabo Delgado province, as a result of escalating attacks from insurgents operating in the area. Since January 2025, more than 95,000 people are estimated to have fled the ongoing insurgency in Cabo Delgado, and access to food, shelter, medical care and other basic necessities has become increasingly fragile for displaced persons and host communities. This has been exacerbated by the scaling back of humanitarian assistance in response to international aid cuts.             

Update: Approximately 100,000 people were displaced from northern Mozambique in the second half of November, as attacks by insurgents intensified and spread beyond Cabo Delgado Province, where the insurgency has been concentrated. According to the IOM, it is the fourth major influx of internally displaced people Northern Mozambique has faced in recent months.       

Sources: Al Jazeera, Club of Mozambique, United Nations (1), Médecins Sans Frontières, United Nations (2), Africa News 

In June, the United Nations and Human Rights Watch (HRW) reported a significant rise in the number of children abducted by insurgents in Mozambique’s conflict-affected Cabo Delgado province. A local monitor told HRW that ‘in recent days, 120 or more children have been abducted’. In 2024, the UN recorded a total of 468 child abductions in Cabo Delgado. Most abductees are forced into labour, marriages and combat by the militants, who have been fighting an insurgency in the province since 2017.   

Sources: United Nations (1), Human Rights Watch, United Nations (2)