SHARECountry Data
Nicaragua (Republic of Nicaragua) has a Unicameral parliament with legislated quotas for the single/lower house and at the sub-national level. 47 of 91 (52%) seats in the Asamblea Nacional / National Assembly are held by women.
At a glance
Structure of Parliament: Unicameral
Are there legislated quotas...
- For the Single/Lower House? Yes
- For the Sub-National Level? Yes
Are there voluntary quotas...
- Adopted by political parties? No
Is there additional information?...
- Yes
Last updated: Feb 20, 2023
Single/Lower House
Asamblea Nacional / National Assembly
| Total seats | 91 |
| Total Women | 47 |
| % Women | 52% |
| Election Year | 2021 |
| Electoral System | List PR |
| Quota Type | Legislated Candidate Quotas |
| Election details | IDEA Voter Turnout - IPU Parline |
| Legal source | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Quota type: Legislated Candidate Quotas | Constitution | ”In the case of officials elected by popular vote on the basis of closed lists proposed by political parties in accordance with the principle of proportional representation, deputies in the National Assembly, deputies in the Central-American Parliament, Municipal Councilors, and Regional Councilors, the list of candidates must contain fifty percent of male and fifty percent of female candidates, presented in a fair and alternating order; the same relation between the sexes must be maintained between the mandate holders and their alternates, where applicable (Constitution Article 131)”. |
| Electoral law | Under Article 82 (4) of the 2000 Electoral Law (No. 331, as amended by Law No.790/2012), political parties or the coalition of political parties which participate in the National Assembly elections must include in their electoral lists 50% men and 50% women candidates. According to Article 68 of the Electoral Law, Political parties or alliances of parties that participate in the Regional, Municipal, Deputies' Elections of the National Assembly and the Central American Parliament must present on their lists of candidates fifty percent (50%) of men and fifty percent (50%) of women ordered equally and presented alternately. Officials elected by universal suffrage by closed lists proposed by political parties or alliance of political parties, who change their electoral option in the exercise of their office, contravening the mandate of the electing people expressed at the polls, shall lose their status as elected or elected, and one or one alternate must assume the seat in accordance with the procedure established in this Law in the absence of definitiveness. |
|
| Legal sanctions for non-compliance | Electoral law | When the Supreme Electoral Council, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, denies an application or rejects a candidate for not fulfilling the requirements of the law, it shall notify the political party or alliance of parties within three days of the resolution, to proceed to correct the defects or to replace if appropriate. (Article 70, Electoral Law) |
| Rank order/placement rules | Electoral law | According to Article 68 of the Electoral Law, Political parties or alliances of parties that participate in the Regional, Municipal, Deputies' Elections of the National Assembly and the Central American Parliament must present on their lists of candidates fifty percent (50%) of men and fifty percent (50%) of women ordered equally and presented alternately. |
| Is the provision of direct public funding to political parties related to gender equality among candidates? | No | See more in International IDEA's Political Finance database |
| Are there provisions for other financial advantages to encourage gender equality in political parties? | No | See more in International IDEA's Political Finance database |
Quota at the Sub-National Level
- Quota type: Legislated Candidate Quotas
| Legal source | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Quota type: Legislated Candidate Quotas | Constitution | |
| Electoral law | According to Article 68 of the Electoral Law, Political parties or alliances of parties that participate in the Regional, Municipal, Deputies' Elections of the National Assembly and the Central American Parliament must present on their lists of candidates fifty percent (50%) of men and fifty percent (50%) of women ordered equally and presented alternately. |
|
| Legal sanctions for non-compliance | No | None |
| Rank order/placement rules | Electoral law | According to Article 68 of the Electoral Law, Political parties or alliances of parties that participate in the Regional, Municipal, Deputies' Elections of the National Assembly and the Central American Parliament must present on their lists of candidates fifty percent (50%) of men and fifty percent (50%) of women ordered equally and presented alternately. |
Additional Information
Previously, the 2008 electoral law ensured gender equality in the exercise of civil and political rights at all levels, including the promotion of the measures necessary to increase women’s participation in the electoral processes at all levels.
Under the new law, political parties and civil society organizations shall seek the equal participation of women and men in decision-making positions and procedures, by ensuring that their statutes guarantee effective democratic participation in the election procedures of their authorities and candidates. This does not invalidate the academic, intellectual and ethical requirements, or the capacities and experience required to be candidates or applicants for these positions (Articles 8–12).
The percentage of women is calculated from the current number of seats occupied in the parliament. The National Assembly has 92 statutory seats.
Sources
LEGAL SOURCES:
- Amending law No. 331 Nicaragua's Electoral law, 2012 (amended through 2022)
- Ley no 790, Ley de Reforma a la Ley no 331 ‘Ley Electoral’, 2012 [Law No. 790, Law reforming Law no. 331 the Electoral Code, 2012], accessed 03 April 2014;
- Nicaragua's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments through 2014
OTHER SOURCES:
- Htun, M. N., Participación, Representación y Liderazgo Político de la Mujer en América Latina [Women’s political participation, representation and leadership in Latin America], Issue Brief (Washington, DC: Women’s Leadership Conference of the Americas, 1998), accessed 24 April 2018;
- Samqui, E. M., ‘Participación política de la mujeres: ¿caminamos o vamos dando traspiés?’ [Political participation of women: we walked or stumbled?], in B. Llanos and K. Sample (eds), Del dicho al hecho: manual de buenas practicas para la participación de mujeres en los partidos políticos latinoamericanos [From words to action: best practices for women’s participation in latin american political parties]] (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), accessed 24 April 2018
Additional reading
- See the latest updates on Nicaragua on iKNOW Politics
- Saint-Germain, M. A. (2013). Women in power in Nicaragua: Myth and reality. In M. A. Genovese & J. S. Steckenrider (Eds.) Women as political leaders: Studies in gender and governing (pp. 110-143). New York, USA: Routledge.
- MDG Achievement Fund. (2013). Nicaragua: "From rhetoric to reality": Promoting women's participation and gender responsive budgeting. [Last accessed December 7, 2021]
- Vijil, M. (2012). Study of gender and development in Nicaragua: Final report. Japan International Cooperation Agency [JICA].
- Htun, Mala N. 1998. Women's Political Participation, Representation and Leadership in Latin America. Issue Brief, Women's Leadership Conference of the Americas.
- Nicaraguan Parliament website, http://www.asamblea.gob.ni/