SHARECountry Data
Mongolia (Mongolia) has a Unicameral parliament with legislated quotas for the single/lower house and at the sub-national level. 13 of 76 (17%) seats in the Ulsyn Ikh Khural / State Great Hural are held by women.
At a glance
Structure of Parliament: Unicameral
Are there legislated quotas...
- For the Single/Lower House? Yes
- For the Sub-National Level? Yes
Are there voluntary quotas...
- Adopted by political parties?
Is there additional information?...
- Yes
Last updated: Sep 14, 2022
Single/Lower House
Ulsyn Ikh Khural / State Great Hural
| Total seats | 76 |
| Total Women | 13 |
| % Women | 17% |
| Election Year | 2020 |
| Electoral System | BV |
| Quota Type | Legislated Candidate Quotas |
| Election details | IDEA Voter Turnout - IPU Parline |
| Legal source | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Quota type: Legislated Candidate Quotas | Electoral law | 76 members of the State Great Hural shall be elected through the election of the State Great Hural from 76 single mandate constituencies (Law on Election, article 120.2). According to Article 126.2 of the Law on Election, last amended in 2016, at least 20 percent of candidates nominated by a party or coalition shall be represented by one gender. |
| Legal sanctions for non-compliance | No | |
| Rank order/placement rules | No | None |
| Is the provision of direct public funding to political parties related to gender equality among candidates? | No | See more in International IDEA's Political Finance database |
| Are there provisions for other financial advantages to encourage gender equality in political parties? | No | See more in International IDEA's Political Finance database |
Quota at the Sub-National Level
- Quota type: Legislated Candidate Quotas
| Legal source | Details | |
|---|---|---|
| Quota type: Legislated Candidate Quotas | Electoral law | For local council elections, at least 30% of the candidates on political parties’ lists must be women. |
| Legal sanctions for non-compliance | No | None |
| Rank order/placement rules | No | None |
Additional Information
The percentage of women is calculated from the current number of seats occupied in the parliament. The State Great Hural has 76 statutory seats.
In the 2012 elections, the 20 per cent legislated candidate quota for women was applied for the first time. The law does not provide a ranking order pertaining to the placement of the required 20 per cent of women candidates in parties' candidate lists. However, the Law on Election of the Parliament (the State Great Hural) does require parties to determine the candidate lists through 'a secret ballot and majority vote based on democratic principles in a party congress' and 'to arrange no more than 48 candidates in order of districts and no more than 28 candidates in order of the number and percentage of votes obtained by each candidates in the meeting of a party held to determine the composition of a candidate list (Article 27.4 and 27.5.4). As a result of this reform, although only 11 (14 per cent) women were elected, it marked an improvement from the previous elections, where only three (4 per cent) women were elected.
The Election Law was amended in 2016, shortly before the last elections were held. The parliament amended the electoral system to move from multi- to single-member constituencies increasing the number of constituencies from 26 to 76, moving to a fully majoritan system. The gender quota was also initially set out to be at 30 % in the new electoral law, however in May 2016 it was reduced to 20 per cent (OSCE/ODIHR 2016).
Sources
LEGAL SOURCES:
- Mongolia: Electoral Law for State Great Hural and Presidential elections (rev. 2016)
- Constitution of Mongolia (rev. 2020) (English version)
OTHER SOURCES
- OSCE/ODIHR, 2016, Election Observation Mission Final Report
- Interparliamentary Union [IPU] Parline - Mongolia Country Profile
Additional reading
- Munkhzul. A (2020). Female MPs to partner in increasing women’s participation at decision-making level. Montsame. [Last accessed 2021-11-19]
- United Nations [UN] Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women [CEDAW]. (2020). Tenth periodic report submitted by Mongolia under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2020. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. [Last accessed: 2021-11-25]
- Friedrich Ebert Stiftung [FES] Mongolia. (July 13, 2020). A new generation of politicians in Mongolia. [Last accessed: 2021-11-25]
- Asian Development Bank. (2019). Mongolia Gender Situational Analysis: Advances, Challenges and Lessons Learnt Since 2005. In Gender Responsive Sector and Local Development policies and actions. Gender Consulting Team [Last accessed: 2021-11-25]
- United Nations Development Programme [UNDP]. (October 31, 2016). Beyond the glass ceiling: Expanding female leadership in Mongolian politics and businesses. [Last accessed: 2021-11-25]
- Odontuya, T. (n.d.). Women's participation in politics in Mongolia. Female parliamentarians' promotion. Kitakyushu Forum on Asian Women (KFAW). [Last accessed: 2021-11-25]