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Electoral Justice Database
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Questions
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Challenges to election results
Legislative
First instance body dealing with electoral disputes
Who may file a complaint?
Is there a legally mandated filing fee and/or deposit?
Filing fee/deposit amount (in local currency)
Maximum complaint time since occurrence or discovery
Maximum complaint time since announcement of election results
Requirement to hold a hearing
Requirement to issue reasoned decision
Possibility to appeal
What remedies are available in the first instance?
Last instance body dealing with electoral disputes
Is there a legally mandated filing fee and/or deposit in the last instance?
Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) in the last instance
Requirement to hold a hearing in the last instance
Requirement to issue reasoned decision in the last instance
What remedies are available in the last instance?
Number of levels of adjudication
Maximum adjudication time for the full EDR process (days)
Presidential
First instance body dealing with electoral disputes
Who may file a complaint?
Is there a legally mandated filing fee and/or deposit?
Filing fee/deposit amout (in local currency)
Maximum complaint time since occurrence or discovery
Maximum complaint time since announcement of election results
Requirement to hold a hearing
Requirement to issue reasoned decision
Possibility to appeal
What remedies are available in the first instance?
Last instance body dealing with electoral disputes
Is there a legally mandated filing fee and/or deposit in the last instance?
Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) in the last instance
Requirement to hold a hearing in the last instance
Requirement to issue reasoned decision in the last instance
What remedies are available in the last instance?
Number of levels of adjudication
Maximum adjudication time for the full EDR process (days)
Challenges related to political party and candidate nomination and registration
Legislative
First instance body dealing with electoral disputes
Who may file a complaint?
Is there a legally mandated filing fee and/or deposit?
Filing fee/deposit amout (in local currency)
Maximum complaint time since occurrence or discovery
Maximum complaint time since announcement of election results
Requirement to hold a hearing
Requirement to issue reasoned decision
Possibility to appeal
What remedies are available in the first instance?
Last instance body dealing with electoral disputes
Is there a legally mandated filing fee and/or deposit in the last instance?
Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) in the last instance
Requirement to hold a hearing in the last instance
Requirement to issue reasoned decision in the last instance
What remedies are available in the last instance?
Number of levels of adjudication
Maximum adjudication time for the full EDR process (days)
Presidential
First instance body dealing with electoral disputes
Who may file a complaint?
Is there a legally mandated filing fee and/or deposit?
Filing fee/deposit amout (in local currency)
Maximum complaint time since occurrence or discovery
Maximum complaint time since announcement of election results
Requirement to hold a hearing
Requirement to issue reasoned decision
Possibility to appeal
What remedies are available in the first instance?
Last instance body dealing with electoral disputes
Is there a legally mandated filing fee and/or deposit in the last instance?
Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) in the last instance
Requirement to hold a hearing in the last instance
Requirement to issue reasoned decision in the last instance
What remedies are available in the last instance?
Number of levels of adjudication
Maximum adjudication time for the full EDR process (days)
Challenges related to campaign financing
Legislative
What institution(s) has the power to impose non-criminal sanctions for campaign finance infractions?
What types of sanctions can be imposed for campaign finance infractions?
Can the imposed sanctions be appealed?
If appeal is possible, what is the competent body to hear the appeal?
Is there a legally mandated filing fee and/or deposit?
Filing fee/deposit amount (in local currency)
What is the maximum time to submit an appeal since imposition of sanctions?
Requirement to hold a hearing
Requirement to issue reasoned decision
Possibility to further appeal
What remedies are available?
Presidential
What institution(s) has the power to impose non-criminal sanctions for campaign finance infractions?
What types of sanctions can be imposed for campaign finance infractions?
Can the imposed sanctions be appealed?
If appeal is possible, what is the competent body to hear the appeal?
Is there a legally mandated filing fee and/or deposit?
Filing fee/deposit amount (in local currency)
What is the maximum time to submit an appeal since imposition of sanctions?
Requirement to hold a hearing
Requirement to issue reasoned decision
Possibility to further appeal
What remedies are available in the first instance?
Election-related criminal offences
Does the law criminalize any election-related offenses?
What type of law provides for election-related criminal offences?
Which types of election-related misconducts are regarded as criminal offences?
What penalties are envisioned for offences related to electoral fraud?
What penalties are envisioned for offences related to incentive driven voter coercion?
What penalties are envisioned for offences related to threat driven voter coercion?
What penalties are envisioned for offences related to obstructing the electoral process?
What penalties are envisioned for offences related to voter registration?
What penalties are envisioned for offences related to unlawful conduct of campaign financing?
Who carries out investigation for election-related criminal offenses?
Who prosecutes election-related criminal offences?
Countries and Regions
By Region
Alphabetically
By Region/Political entity
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Africa
Eastern Africa
Burundi
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Rwanda
Seychelles
Somalia
Tanzania, United Republic of
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Middle Africa
Angola
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Congo, Democratic Republic of
Gabon
Republic of The Congo (Brazzaville)
Northern Africa
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
Morocco
South Sudan
Sudan
Tunisia
Southern Africa
Botswana
Eswatini
Lesotho
Namibia
South Africa
Western Africa
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cote d'Ivoire
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Liberia
Mali
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Americas
Caribbean
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Jamaica
Montserrat
Trinidad and Tobago
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Northern America
Bermuda
Canada
Greenland
United States
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Asia
Central Asia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Eastern Asia
Korea, Republic of
Mongolia
South-Eastern Asia
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao People's Dem. Republic
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Viet Nam
Southern Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Western Asia
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Georgia
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Lebanon
Oman
Qatar
State of Palestine
Syrian Arab Republic
Yemen
Europe
Eastern Europe
Belarus
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Moldova, Republic of
Poland
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Ukraine
Northern Europe
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
Iceland
Ireland
Latvia
Lithuania
Norway
Sweden
United Kingdom
Southern Europe
Albania
Andorra
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia
Gibraltar
Greece
Italy
Kosovo
Malta
Montenegro
North Macedonia, Republic of
Portugal
Serbia
Slovenia
Spain
Western Europe
Austria
Belgium
France
Germany
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Monaco
Switzerland
Oceania
Australia and New Zealand
Australia
New Zealand
Melanesia
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Vanuatu
Micronesia
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia, Federated States of
Nauru
Palau
Polynesia
Cook Islands
Niue
Samoa
Tonga
Tuvalu
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Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Democratic Republic of
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eritrea
Estonia
Eswatini
Ethiopia
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Gibraltar
Greece
Greenland
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Republic of
Kosovo
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Dem. Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia, Federated States of
Moldova, Republic of
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
North Macedonia, Republic of
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Republic of The Congo (Brazzaville)
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Samoa
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Spain
Sri Lanka
State of Palestine
Sudan
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania, United Republic of
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Viet Nam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
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African Union (AU)
Angola
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Benin
Botswana
Congo, Democratic Republic of
Central African Republic
Republic of The Congo (Brazzaville)
Cote d'Ivoire
Cameroon
Djibouti
Algeria
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Comoros
Liberia
Lesotho
Libya
Chad
Arab League (League of Arab States)
Bahrain
Djibouti
Algeria
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Comoros
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
State of Palestine
Qatar
Sudan
Somalia
Syrian Arab Republic
Tunisia
Yemen
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Indonesia
Cambodia
Lao People's Dem. Republic
Myanmar
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kyrgyzstan
Kazakhstan
Moldova, Republic of
Russian Federation
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Commonwealth of Nations (Commonwealth)
Antigua and Barbuda
Australia
Barbados
Bangladesh
Bahamas
Botswana
Belize
Canada
Cameroon
Dominica
United Kingdom
Gambia
Guyana
India
Jamaica
Kenya
Kiribati
Sri Lanka
Lesotho
Malta
Mauritius
Malawi
Malaysia
Mozambique
Namibia
Nauru
Nigeria
New Zealand
Papua New Guinea
Pakistan
Rwanda
Solomon Islands
Seychelles
Singapore
Sierra Leone
Eswatini
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tuvalu
Tanzania, United Republic of
Uganda
Vanuatu
Samoa
South Africa
Zambia
European Union (EU)
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
France
Czech Republic
Germany
Denmark
Estonia
Spain
Finland
United Kingdom
Greece
Croatia
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Latvia
Malta
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Sweden
Slovenia
Slovakia
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)
Australia
Barbados
Belgium
Botswana
Canada
Switzerland
Chile
Costa Rica
Germany
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Spain
Finland
India
Mongolia
Mauritius
Mexico
Namibia
Norway
Peru
Philippines
Portugal
Sweden
Uruguay
South Africa
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Barbados
Bolivia
Brazil
Bahamas
Belize
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Guatemala
Guyana
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Peru
Paraguay
El Salvador
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
France
Czech Republic
Germany
Denmark
Estonia
Spain
United Kingdom
Greece
Croatia
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Latvia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
United States
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Austria
Australia
Belgium
Canada
Eswatini
Chile
France
Czech Republic
Germany
Denmark
Estonia
Spain
Finland
United Kingdom
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Israel
Iceland
Italy
Korea, Republic of
Luxembourg
Mexico
Norway
New Zealand
Poland
Portugal
Sweden
Slovenia
Slovakia
United States
Organisation of American States (OAS)
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Barbados
Bolivia
Brazil
Bahamas
Belize
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Guatemala
Guyana
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Peru
Paraguay
El Salvador
Trinidad and Tobago
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)
Australia
Cook Islands
Micronesia, Federated States of
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Niue
New Zealand
Papua New Guinea
Palau
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Samoa
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Sri Lanka
Nepal
Pakistan
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