International IDEA has created this unified database which incorporates data from previously separate databases and resources covering topics such as voter turnout, electoral system design, gender quotas, direct democracy and many more. More
Data per country or per field
- Select country -
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Democratic Republic of
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Côte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Cyprus (North)
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Faroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Guiana
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Gibraltar
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Holy See (Vatican City State)
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. People's Republic of
Korea, Republic of
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Dem. Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic (1993-)
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Federated States of
Moldova, Republic of
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestinian Territory, Occupied
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Islands
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Republic of The Congo (Brazzaville)
Reunion
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Helena
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Saint Vincent and The Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Taiwan (‡)
Tajikistan
Tanzania, United Republic of
Thailand
Togo
Tokelau
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Islands
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Wallis and Futuna
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Western Sahara
Viet Nam
Virgin Islands, British
Virgin Islands, U.S.
Yemen
Yugoslavia, FR/Union of Serbia and Montenegro
Yugoslavia, SFR (1943-1992)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
- Select field -
Date of introduction of DD mechanisms
First referendum/initiative held
Latest DD
Legal provisions for mandatory referendums
Legal provisions for citizens' initiatives
Legal provisions for agenda initiatives
Legal provisions for recall
Are referendum results binding?
What can be brought to a referendum?
Legal provisions at the regional level
Legal provisions at the local level
Has there been a national referendum since 1980?
Legal provisions for optional referendums
Legislative - Type of first instance - Challenges to results
Presidential - Type of first instance - Challenges to results
Referendum - Type of first instance - Challenges to results
Referendum - Type of last instance - Challenges to results
Presidential - Type of last instance - Challenges to results
Legislative - Type of last instance - Challenges to results
Legislative - Who may file a complaint? - Challenges to results
Presidential - Who may file a complaint? - Challenges to results
Referendum - Who may file a complaint? - Challenges to results
Referendum - Filing fee? - Challenges to results
Presidential - Filing fee? - Challenges to results
Legislative - Filing fee? - Challenges to results
Legislative - Deposit fee? - Challenges to results
Presidential - Deposit fee? - Challenges to results
Referendum - Deposit fee? - Challenges to results
Referendum - Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) - Challenges to results
Presidential - Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) - Challenges to results
Legislative - Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) - Challenges to results
Legislative - Maximum complaint time since incident - Challenges to results
Presidential - Maximum complaint time since incident - Challenges to results
Referendum - Maximum complaint time since incident - Challenges to results
Referendum - Maximum complaint time since announcement - Challenges to results
Presidential - Maximum complaint time since announcement - Challenges to results
Legislative - Maximum complaint time since announcement - Challenges to results
Legislative - Maximum adjudication time - Challenges to results
Presidential - Maximum adjudication time - Challenges to results
Referendum - Maximum adjudication time - Challenges to results
Referendum - Type of first instance - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Type of first instance - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Type of first instance - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Type of last instance - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Type of last instance - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Type of last instance - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Who may file a complaint? - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Who may file a complaint? - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Who may file a complaint? - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Filing fee? - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Filing fee? - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Filing fee? - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Deposit fee? - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Deposit fee? - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Deposit fee? - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Maximum complaint time since incident - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Maximum complaint time since incident - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Maximum complaint time since incident - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Maximum complaint time since announcement - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Maximum complaint time since announcement - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Maximum complaint time since announcment - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Maximum adjudication time - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Maximum adjudication time - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Maximum adjudication time - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Number of levels of adjudication - Challenges to results
Legislative - Number of levels of adjudication - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Number of levels of adjudication - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Number of levels of adjudication - Challenges to results
Referendum - Number of levels of adjudication - Challenges to results
Referendum - Number of levels of adjudication - Other electoral disputes
Electoral System Family
Electoral System for National Legislature
Number of tiers
Legislative size (directly elected)
Legislative size (Voting members)
Electoral system for the president
Parliament type
Quota type in Lower House
Total seats in Lower House
Seats held by women in the Lower House
Seats held by men in the Lower House
Constitutional quota details Lower House
Electoral law quota details Lower House
Political funding legislation quota details Lower House
Legal sanctions for non-compliance in Lower House
Rank-order rules Lower House
Quota type in Upper House
Total seats in Upper House
Seats held by women in the Upper House
Seats held by men in the Upper House
Constitutional quota details Upper House
Electoral law quota details Upper House
Political funding legislation quota details Upper House
Legal sanctions for non-compliance in Upper House
Rank-order rules Upper House
Quota type sub-national level
Constitutional quota details sub-national level
Electoral law quota details sub-national level
Political funding legislation quota details sub-national level
Legal sanctions for non-compliance sub-national level
Rank-order rules sub-national level
Voluntary political party quotas
Additional information about gender quotas
Electoral system Upper House
Sources for gender quotas
Parliamentary - Voter Turnout
Parliamentary - Total vote
Parliamentary - Registration
Parliamentary - VAP Turnout
Parliamentary - Voting age population
Parliamentary - Population
Parliamentary - Invalid votes
Parliamentary - Freedom house
Parliamentary - Freedom house - Political Rights
Parliamentary - Freedom house - Civil liberties
Parliamentary - Compulsory voting
Presidential - Voter Turnout
Presidential - Total vote
Presidential - Registration
Presidential - VAP Turnout
Presidential - Voting age population
Presidential - Population
Presidential - Invalid votes
Presidential - Freedom house
Presidential - Freedom house - Political Rights
Presidential - Freedom house - Civil liberties
Presidential - Compulsory voting
EU Parliament - Voter Turnout
EU Parliament - Total vote
EU Parliament - Registration
EU Parliament - VAP Turnout
EU Parliament - Voting age population
EU Parliament - Population
EU Parliament - Invalid votes
EU Parliament - Freedom house
EU Parliament - Freedom house - Political Rights
EU Parliament - Freedom house - Civil liberties
EU Parliament - Compulsory voting
Election type
Voting method
First year
Comments
Model of electoral management
Electoral management body
Name of electoral management body
Number of electoral management body members
Term of office
Responsible for selection
Responsible for appointing or electing the chair of the electoral management body
Party or expert based membership
Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to political parties?
Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to candidates?
Is there a ban on corporate donations to political parties?
Is there a ban on corporate donations to candidates?
Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts or partial government ownership to political parties?
Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts or partial government ownership to candidates?
Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to political parties?
Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to candidates?
Is there a ban on anonymous donations to political parties?
Is there a ban on anonymous donations to candidates?
Is there a ban on state resources being given to or received by political parties or candidates (excluding regulated public funding)?
Is there a ban on any other form of donation?
Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party over a time period (not election specific)?
If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party over a time period (not election specific), what is the limit?
Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party in relation to an election?
If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party in relation to an election, what is the limit?
Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate?
If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate, what is the limit?
Are there provisions for direct public funding to political parties?
If there are provisions for direct public funding to political parties, what are the eligibility criteria?
If there are provisions for direct public funding to political parties, what is the allocation calculation?
If there are provisions for direct public funding to political parties, are there provisions for how it should be used (“ear marking”)?
Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for political parties?
If there are provisions for political parties’ free or subsidized access to media, what criteria determine access allocation?
Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for candidates?
Are there provisions for any other form of indirect public funding?
Is the provision of direct public funding to political parties related to gender equality among candidates?
Are there provisions for other financial advantages to encourage gender equality in political parties?
Is there a ban on vote buying?
Are there bans on state resources being used in favour or against a political party or candidate?
Are there limits on the amount a political party can spend?
If there are limits on the amount a political party can spend, what is the limit?
Are there limits on the amount a candidate can spend?
If there are limits on the amount a candidate can spend what is the limit for spending?
Do political parties have to report regularly on their finances?
Do political parties have to report on their finances in relation to election campaigns?
Do candidates have to report on their campaigns finances?
Is information in reports from political parties and/or candidates to be made public?
Must reports from political parties and/or candidates reveal the identity of donors?
What institution(s) receives financial reports from political parties and/or candidates?
Is it specified that a particular institution(s) is responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations?
What other institutions have a formal role in political finance oversight?
What sanctions are provided for political finance infractions?
Unified Database
Customise the data
Display data for:
Country
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Democratic Republic of
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Côte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Cyprus (North)
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Faroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Guiana
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Gibraltar
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Holy See (Vatican City State)
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Dem. People's Republic of
Korea, Republic of
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Dem. Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic (1993-)
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Federated States of
Moldova, Republic of
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestinian Territory, Occupied
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Islands
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Republic of The Congo (Brazzaville)
Reunion
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Helena
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Saint Vincent and The Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Taiwan (‡)
Tajikistan
Tanzania, United Republic of
Thailand
Togo
Tokelau
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Islands
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Wallis and Futuna
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Western Sahara
Viet Nam
Virgin Islands, British
Virgin Islands, U.S.
Yemen
Yugoslavia, FR/Union of Serbia and Montenegro
Yugoslavia, SFR (1943-1992)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Field
Date of introduction of DD mechanisms
First referendum/initiative held
Latest DD
Legal provisions for mandatory referendums
Legal provisions for citizens' initiatives
Legal provisions for agenda initiatives
Legal provisions for recall
Are referendum results binding?
What can be brought to a referendum?
Legal provisions at the regional level
Legal provisions at the local level
Has there been a national referendum since 1980?
Legal provisions for optional referendums
Legislative - Type of first instance - Challenges to results
Presidential - Type of first instance - Challenges to results
Referendum - Type of first instance - Challenges to results
Referendum - Type of last instance - Challenges to results
Presidential - Type of last instance - Challenges to results
Legislative - Type of last instance - Challenges to results
Legislative - Who may file a complaint? - Challenges to results
Presidential - Who may file a complaint? - Challenges to results
Referendum - Who may file a complaint? - Challenges to results
Referendum - Filing fee? - Challenges to results
Presidential - Filing fee? - Challenges to results
Legislative - Filing fee? - Challenges to results
Legislative - Deposit fee? - Challenges to results
Presidential - Deposit fee? - Challenges to results
Referendum - Deposit fee? - Challenges to results
Referendum - Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) - Challenges to results
Presidential - Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) - Challenges to results
Legislative - Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) - Challenges to results
Legislative - Maximum complaint time since incident - Challenges to results
Presidential - Maximum complaint time since incident - Challenges to results
Referendum - Maximum complaint time since incident - Challenges to results
Referendum - Maximum complaint time since announcement - Challenges to results
Presidential - Maximum complaint time since announcement - Challenges to results
Legislative - Maximum complaint time since announcement - Challenges to results
Legislative - Maximum adjudication time - Challenges to results
Presidential - Maximum adjudication time - Challenges to results
Referendum - Maximum adjudication time - Challenges to results
Referendum - Type of first instance - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Type of first instance - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Type of first instance - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Type of last instance - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Type of last instance - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Type of last instance - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Who may file a complaint? - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Who may file a complaint? - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Who may file a complaint? - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Filing fee? - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Filing fee? - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Filing fee? - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Deposit fee? - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Deposit fee? - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Deposit fee? - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Filing/deposit fee amount (local currency) - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Maximum complaint time since incident - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Maximum complaint time since incident - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Maximum complaint time since incident - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Maximum complaint time since announcement - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Maximum complaint time since announcement - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Maximum complaint time since announcment - Other electoral disputes
Referendum - Maximum adjudication time - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Maximum adjudication time - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Maximum adjudication time - Other electoral disputes
Legislative - Number of levels of adjudication - Challenges to results
Legislative - Number of levels of adjudication - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Number of levels of adjudication - Other electoral disputes
Presidential - Number of levels of adjudication - Challenges to results
Referendum - Number of levels of adjudication - Challenges to results
Referendum - Number of levels of adjudication - Other electoral disputes
Electoral System Family
Electoral System for National Legislature
Number of tiers
Legislative size (directly elected)
Legislative size (Voting members)
Electoral system for the president
Parliament type
Quota type in Lower House
Total seats in Lower House
Seats held by women in the Lower House
Seats held by men in the Lower House
Constitutional quota details Lower House
Electoral law quota details Lower House
Political funding legislation quota details Lower House
Legal sanctions for non-compliance in Lower House
Rank-order rules Lower House
Quota type in Upper House
Total seats in Upper House
Seats held by women in the Upper House
Seats held by men in the Upper House
Constitutional quota details Upper House
Electoral law quota details Upper House
Political funding legislation quota details Upper House
Legal sanctions for non-compliance in Upper House
Rank-order rules Upper House
Quota type sub-national level
Constitutional quota details sub-national level
Electoral law quota details sub-national level
Political funding legislation quota details sub-national level
Legal sanctions for non-compliance sub-national level
Rank-order rules sub-national level
Voluntary political party quotas
Additional information about gender quotas
Electoral system Upper House
Sources for gender quotas
Parliamentary - Voter Turnout
Parliamentary - Total vote
Parliamentary - Registration
Parliamentary - VAP Turnout
Parliamentary - Voting age population
Parliamentary - Population
Parliamentary - Invalid votes
Parliamentary - Freedom house
Parliamentary - Freedom house - Political Rights
Parliamentary - Freedom house - Civil liberties
Parliamentary - Compulsory voting
Presidential - Voter Turnout
Presidential - Total vote
Presidential - Registration
Presidential - VAP Turnout
Presidential - Voting age population
Presidential - Population
Presidential - Invalid votes
Presidential - Freedom house
Presidential - Freedom house - Political Rights
Presidential - Freedom house - Civil liberties
Presidential - Compulsory voting
EU Parliament - Voter Turnout
EU Parliament - Total vote
EU Parliament - Registration
EU Parliament - VAP Turnout
EU Parliament - Voting age population
EU Parliament - Population
EU Parliament - Invalid votes
EU Parliament - Freedom house
EU Parliament - Freedom house - Political Rights
EU Parliament - Freedom house - Civil liberties
EU Parliament - Compulsory voting
Election type
Voting method
First year
Comments
Model of electoral management
Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to political parties?
Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to candidates?
Is there a ban on corporate donations to political parties?
Is there a ban on corporate donations to candidates?
Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts or partial government ownership to political parties?
Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts or partial government ownership to candidates?
Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to political parties?
Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to candidates?
Is there a ban on anonymous donations to political parties?
Is there a ban on anonymous donations to candidates?
Is there a ban on state resources being given to or received by political parties or candidates (excluding regulated public funding)?
Is there a ban on any other form of donation?
Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party over a time period (not election specific)?
If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party over a time period (not election specific), what is the limit?
Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party in relation to an election?
If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party in relation to an election, what is the limit?
Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate?
If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate, what is the limit?
Are there provisions for direct public funding to political parties?
If there are provisions for direct public funding to political parties, what are the eligibility criteria?
If there are provisions for direct public funding to political parties, what is the allocation calculation?
If there are provisions for direct public funding to political parties, are there provisions for how it should be used (“ear marking”)?
Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for political parties?
If there are provisions for political parties’ free or subsidized access to media, what criteria determine access allocation?
Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for candidates?
Are there provisions for any other form of indirect public funding?
Is the provision of direct public funding to political parties related to gender equality among candidates?
Are there provisions for other financial advantages to encourage gender equality in political parties?
Is there a ban on vote buying?
Are there bans on state resources being used in favour or against a political party or candidate?
Are there limits on the amount a political party can spend?
If there are limits on the amount a political party can spend, what is the limit?
Are there limits on the amount a candidate can spend?
If there are limits on the amount a candidate can spend what is the limit for spending?
Do political parties have to report regularly on their finances?
Do political parties have to report on their finances in relation to election campaigns?
Do candidates have to report on their campaigns finances?
Is information in reports from political parties and/or candidates to be made public?
Must reports from political parties and/or candidates reveal the identity of donors?
What institution(s) receives financial reports from political parties and/or candidates?
Is it specified that a particular institution(s) is responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations?
What other institutions have a formal role in political finance oversight?
What sanctions are provided for political finance infractions?
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