Analysis and Policy

The European Union and challenges to democracy building in Africa

Excerpt from the regional chapter

This chapter examines the main challenges for democracy building in Africa, and how the present role of the European Union (EU) is perceived. Policy proposals and recommendations are presented which aim to address the gap between the EU’s intentions and African perceptions in promoting democracy building. The chapter is based on consultations and research on the EU’s role in democracy building in Africa conducted by International IDEA during 2008 and 2009.

The evolving relationship between Africa and the EU has reflected changes in the geopolitical environment, the rise of independence movements and the subsequent process of decolonization as well as the end of the Cold War. Since 1990, a renewed purpose and a drive to succeed in democracy building have been evident in Africa and African leaders have understood the link between developing democracy and the local context on which it must be based if it is to be sustainable.

The main challenges to democracy building in Africa must be seen in the context of colonialism and neo-colonialism. These produced administrative and institutional structures that were not conducive to the promotion of sustainable development and democracy building. The colonial powers left many African states with systems of authoritarian values and norms that weakened public administration and the education system – both essential for effective democracy building.

The alleviation of extreme poverty is Africa’s biggest challenge. Linked with social and economic underdevelopment – in particular lack of food security, poor education and a lack of affordable and accessible health services – it contributes to the perception that democracy has not improved the livelihood of people in Africa. Democracy alone cannot address the multitude of Africa’s challenges, including corruption. A holistic and multi-stakeholder approach is needed to address these challenges and support African democracy building.

The Africa-EU partnership offers considerable scope in this regard. In supporting Africa to become a real partner through the provision of capacity building and institutional infrastructure, the EU can assist with empowering the peoples of Africa, promote sustainable development and alleviate extreme poverty.